Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Output

A

amount of blood pumped by heart (5L/min)

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2
Q

Stroke Volume

A

amount of blood ejected from left ventricle

occurs during ventricular systole

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3
Q

SV Equation

think about systole/diastole

A

SV = EDV - ESV

how much blood when full - how much blood after contraction

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4
Q

EDV

what is it also effected by

A

End Diastolic Volume (total amount of blood filling LV)
affected by
- filling time (slower HR = longer filling time)
- fillimg amount (venous return)

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5
Q

ESV

what is it also affected by

A

amount of blood left following contraction
affected by
- ventricular preload, contractibility and afterload

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6
Q

What is ESV preload and afterload?

A

Preload = how much fills ventricles (EDV)
Afterload = pressure the ventricle has to overcome to eject (BP)

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7
Q

Frank Starling Curve

A

relationship between stroke volume and preload/stretch of ventricles/EDV

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8
Q

Cardiac Output

A

increases to match need for increased O2 to supply working muscles

AKA ‘Q’

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9
Q

Cardiac Output for resting, sedentary max and athlete max

A
  • 5-6L/min
  • 20-22L/min
  • 35-40L/min
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10
Q

Q Equation

A

Q = HR x SV

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11
Q

Why does athletes have lower resting HR

A

myocardium enriched with blood by coronary arteries
- compensate for better ability to perfuse myocardium + heart tissue gets bigger

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12
Q

Sympathetic Nerves

A

stimulate SA node = tachycardia (noadrenaline)
- increase firing rate/HR

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13
Q

Parasympathetic Nerves

A
  • bradycardia (acetylcholine)
  • decreases HR
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14
Q

What happens if HR is too fast

Why its lower in athletes

A

cannot feed myocardium leading to chest pain associated with heart attack due to insufficient blood supply to heart

oh no! dont let athlete die mudda bullshit

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15
Q

Mechanisms proposed to increase SV during exercise

A
  1. increased blood back to heart (venous return) (increased ventricular filling)
  2. normal ventricular filling followed by forceful contraction
  3. Training adaptations (increased BV/plasma)
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16
Q

How does exercise affect SV

eFfEctS

A
  • positive inotropic effect (increased contractility)
  • negative inotropic effect (decreased contractility)
17
Q

Preload and Afterload

A

Preload = atria to ventricle
Afterload = pressure to overload when pushing blood out (ventricle to aorta to body)

18
Q

LV Volume and Pressure Overload

A

eccentric hypertrophy (dilation of cavity) e.g. endurance
concentric hypertrophy (walls thicken) e.g. resistance

19
Q

Heat effect on prolonged exercise

A
  • SV decreases
  • HR increases
20
Q

Cardiovascular Drift

A

redirection of BF to skin to dissipate for thermoregulation and sweating where plasma volume decreases

decreased VR, EDV/SV leading to increased HR