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Chapter 1 Pathophysiology > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of hormones that are chemically regulated

A

Blood glucose or calcium levels

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2
Q

Endocrine examples of hormone release

A

a hormone from one endocrine gland controlling another

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3
Q

Neural examples of hormone release

A

Direct simulation of pancreatic cells by ANS

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4
Q

How do lipid soluble hormones cross plasma and nuclear membranes

A

They diffuse freely

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5
Q

How do water-soluble hormones cross the plasma and nuclear membrane?

A

They cannot diffuse, need to bind to surface receptors and initiate first and second messengers

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6
Q

What are some examples of water-soluble hormones

A

Protein hormones and catecholamines

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7
Q

What is the major component to the anterior pituitary

A

pars distalis

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8
Q

What does an antidiuretic hormone do

A

Controls plasma osmolarliy

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9
Q

What does an oxytocin do

A

Sperm motility in males, uterine contractions, lactation in females

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10
Q

What does parathyroid hormones do?

A

increases serum calcium levels and decreases serum phosphate

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11
Q

Insulin

A
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12
Q

amylase

A
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13
Q

glucogon

A
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14
Q

pancreatic somatostatin

A
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15
Q

gastrin, ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptides

A
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16
Q

What is the adrenal cortex. What comes from it.

A
17
Q

What are the effects of glucocorticoids on the body.

A
18
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do

A
19
Q

What causes primary thyroid disorders

A
20
Q

What causes secondary thyroid disorders

A
21
Q

What is thyrotoxicosis

A

Conditions caused by increased TH levels

22
Q

What is graves disease

A

an autoimmune disease caused by stimulation of thyroid by autoantibidues agaist TSH receptrs. Type 2 hypersensitivity

23
Q

What is a symptom of graves disease

A

Orbital edema/eye protrustion with visual disterbanves

24
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidsim

A

lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased meabolic rate

25
Q

What is Hashemites disease

A

A hypothyroid disease that causes gradual destruction of the thyroid gland

26
Q

What is the most common endocrine malignancy and what causes it

A

thyroid carcinoma and ionizing radiation is the most common cause

27
Q

What is hyperparathyroidism

A

Increased secretons of parathyroid hormone. Hallmark symptom is hypercalcemia and hypophosphatism. Primary is the import one

28
Q

What is hypoparathyroidism

A

Caused by parathyroid damage in thyroid surgery, abnormally low PTH levels. Manifests primarly by hypocalcemia

29
Q

What causes type 1 diabetes

A

Immunologically mediated beta cell destruction in pancreas and apoptosis

30
Q

What are manifestations result from insulin deficiencey

A

Hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss

31
Q

How is type 2 diabetes caused

A

genetic-environmental interactions

32
Q

What causes long term effects of diabetes

A

hyperglycemia

33
Q

what is the most abundant type of adipose tissue

A

white adipose tissue

34
Q

What do orexigenic neurons do

A

promote appetite, stimulate eating, decrease metabolism

35
Q

What are some risk factors for obesity

A

Cushing’s syndrome (metabolic abnormalities), polygenic defects, depression and other mood disorders, environmental factors

36
Q

What is therapeutic starvation

A

weight loss in morbidly obese people

37
Q

What is the anorexia of aging. what are some risk factors

A

decrease in hunger or food intake in older adults. AKA decreased orexigenic signals. Medical and psychiatric conditions,

38
Q
A

Chapter 1 Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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