Module 5 Flashcards
1
Q
acetabulum
A
large, cup-shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone; formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone
2
Q
acromioclavicular joint
A
articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle
3
Q
acromion
A
flattened bony process that extends laterally from the scapular spine to form the bony tip of the shoulder
4
Q
ankle joint
A
joint that separates the leg and foot portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly
5
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
6
Q
arm
A
region of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow joints; contains the humerus bone
7
Q
articulation
A
where 2 bone surfaces meet
8
Q
atlanto-occipital joint
A
articulation between the occipital condyles of the skull and the superior articular processes of the atlas (C1 vertebra)
9
Q
atlas
A
first cervical (C1) vertebra
10
Q
axial skeleton
A
central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
11
Q
axis
A
second cervical (C2) vertebra
12
Q
ball-and-socket joint
A
synovial joint formed between the spherical end of one bone (the ball) that fits into the depression of a second bone (the socket); found at the hip and shoulder joints; functionally classified as a multiaxial joint
13
Q
biaxial joint
A
type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within 2 planes (2 axes)
14
Q
body of the rib
A
shaft portion of a rib
15
Q
bone
A
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
16
Q
brain case
A
portion of the skull that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the 8 bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull
17
Q
calcaneus
A
heel bone; posterior, inferior tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot
18
Q
carpal bone
A
one of the 8 small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones
19
Q
carpometacarpal joint
A
articulation between one of the carpal bones in the distal row and a metacarpal bone of the hand
20
Q
cervical vertibrae
A
7 vertebrae numbered as C1-C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column
21
Q
circumduction
A
circular motion of the arm, thigh, hand, thumb, or finger that is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
22
Q
clavicle
A
collarbone; elongated bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and the acromion of the scapula laterally
23
Q
compact bone
A
dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
24
Q
condyle
A
oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible
25
condyloid joint
synovial joint in which the shallow depression at the end of one bone receives a rounded end from a second bone or a rounded structure formed by 2 bones; found at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers or the radiocarpal joint of the wrist; functionally classified as a biaxial joint
26
costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum
27
coxal bone
hip bone
28
cranial cavity
interior space of the skull that houses the brain
29
cranium
skull
30
depression
downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible
31
diaphysis
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
32
dorsiflexion
movement at the ankle that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior leg
33
elbow joint
joint located between the upper arm and forearm regions of the upper limb; formed by the articulations between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius
34
elevation
upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible
35
epiphyseal line
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
36
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
37
epiphysis
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
38
ethmoid bone
unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum
39
eversion
foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline
40
extension
movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint); motion involving posterior bending of the vertebral column or returning to the upright position from a flexed position
41
facial bones
14 bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lowers jaws and the hard plate
42
false ribs
vertebrochondral ribs 8-12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all
43
femur
thigh bone; the single bone of the thigh
44
fibula
thin, non-weight-bearing bone found on the lateral side of the leg
45
flat bone
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
46
flexion
movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint); motion involving anterior bending of the vertebral column
47
floating ribs
vertebral ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib
48
foot
portion of the lower limb located distal to the ankle joint
49
forearm
region of the upper limb located between the elbow and wrist joints; contains the radius and ulna bones
50
foramen magnum
large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium
51
frontal bone
unpaired bone that forms forehead, roof of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
52
glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint; formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
53
glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior and lateral borders
54
hallux
big toe; digit 1 of the foot
55
hand
region of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint
56
hard palate
bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity, formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones
57
hinge joint
synovial joint at which the convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of a second bone; includes the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints; functionally classified as a uniaxial joint
58
hip bone
coxal bone; single bone that forms the pelvic girdle; consists of 3 areas: the ilium, ischium, and pubis
59
hip joint
joint located at the proximal end of the lower limb; formed by the articulation between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur
60
humerus
single bone of the upper arm
61
hyperextension
excessive extension of joint, beyond the normal range of movement
62
hyperflexion
excessive flexion of joint, beyond the normal range of movement
63
ilium
superior portion of hip bone
64
inferior rotation
movement of the scapula during upper limb adduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in a downward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in an upward direction
65
inversion
foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline
66
ischium
posteroinferior portion of the hip bone
67
irregular bone
bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces
68
joint
site at which 2 or more bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate)
69
joint cavity
space enclosed by the articular capsule of a synovial joint that is filled with synovial fluid and contains the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones
70
knee joint
joint that separates the thigh and leg portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
71
lacrimal bone
paired bones that contribute to the anterior-medial wall of each orbit
72
lateral (external) rotation
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb away from the midline of the body
73
lateral flexion
bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side
74
leg
portion of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joints
75
long bone
cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever
76
ligament
strong band of dense connective tissue spanning between bones
77
lumbar vertebrae
5 vertebrae numbered as L1-L5 that are located in the lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column
78
mandible
unpaired bone that forms the lower jaw bone; the only moveable bone of the skull
79
maxillary bone (maxilla)
paired bones that form the upper jaw and anterior portion of the hard plate
80
medial (internal) rotation
movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
81
metacarpal bone
one of the 5 long bones that form the palm of the hand; numbered 1-5, starting on the lateral (thumb) side of the hand
82
metatarsal bone
one of the 5 elongated bones that forms the anterior half of the foot; numbered 1-5, starting on the medial side of the foot
83
metatarsophalangeal joint
articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe
84
multiaxial joint
type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within 3 planes (3 axes)
85
nasal bone
paired bones that form the base of the nose
86
nasal cavity
opening through skull for passage of air
87
occipital bone
unpaired bone that forms the posterior portions of the brain case and base of the skull
88
occipital condyle
paired, oval-shaped bony knobs located on the inferior skull, to either side of the foramen magnum
89
olecranon process
expanded posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna; forms the bony tip of the elbow
90
opposition
thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger
91
orbit
bony socket that contains the eyeball and associated muscles
92
osseous tissue
bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
93
palatine bone
paired bones that form the posterior quarter of the hard palate and a small area in floor of the orbit
94
parietal bone
paired bones that form the upper, lateral sides of the skull
95
patella
kneecap; the largest sesamoid bone of the body; articulates with the distal femur
96
pectoral girdle
shoulder girdle; the set of bones, consisting of the scapula and clavicle, which attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton
97
pelvic girdle
hip girdle; consists of a single hip bone, which attaches a lower limb to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
98
pelvic inlet
pelvic brim
99
pelvic outlet
inferior opening of the lesser pelvis; formed by the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, right and left ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments, and the tip of the coccyx
100
pelvis
ring of bone consisting of the left and right hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx
101
phalanx bone of the foot
(plural=phalanges)
one of the 14 bones that form the toes; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the big toe, and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of toes 2 through 5
102
phalanx bone of the hand
(plural=phalanges)
one of the 14 bones that form the thumb and fingers; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb, and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of fingers 2 through 5
103
pisiform
from the lateral side, the 4th of the 4 proximal carpal bones; articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum
104
pivot joint
synovial joint at which the rounded portion of a bone rotates within a ring formed by a ligament and an articulating bone; functionally classified as a uniaxial joint
105
plane joint
synovial joint formed between the flattened articulating surfaces of adjacent bones; functionally classified as a multiaxial joint
106
plantar flexion
foot movement at the ankle in which the heel is lifted off of the ground
107
pollex (thumb)
digit 1 of the hand
108
pronated position
forearm position in which the palm faces backward
109
pronation
forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position
110
pubic arch
bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the right and left pubic bones
111
pubis
anterior portion of the hip bone
112
radius
bone located on the lateral side of the forearm
113
reposition
movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position (next to index finger)
114
ribs
thin, curved bones of the chest wall
115
retraction
posterior motion of the scapula or mandible
116
rotation
movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint); twisting of the vertebral column resulting from the summation of small motions between adjacent vertebrae
117
sacrum
single bone located near the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae; forms the posterior portion of the pelvis
118
scapula
shoulder blade bone located on the posterior side of the shoulder
119
sesamoid bone
small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces
120
short bone
cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion
121
skeleton
bones of the body
122
skeletal system
organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection
123
skull
bony structure that forms the head, face, and jaws, and protects the brain; consists of 22 bones
124
spinous process
unpaired bony process that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
125
spongy bone (cancellous bone)
trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution
126
sternum
flattened bone located at the center of the anterior chest
127
superior rotation
movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in an upward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in a downward direction
128
supinated position
forearm position in which the palm faces anteriorly (anatomical position)
129
supination
forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position
130
suture
junction line at which adjacent bones of the skull are united by fibrous connective tissue
131
symphysis
type of cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage
132
synovial joint
joint at which the articulating surfaces of the bones are located within a joint cavity formed by an articular capsule
133
talus
tarsal bone that articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint; also articulates inferiorly with the calcaneus bone and anteriorly with the navicular bone
134
tarsal bone
one of the 7 bones that make up the posterior foot; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform bones
135
temporal bone
paired bones that form the lateral, inferior portions of the skull, with squamous, mastoid, and petrous portions
136
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone of the skull; allows for depression/elevation (opening/closing of mouth), protraction/retraction, and side-to-side motions of the mandible
137
tendon
dense connective tissue structure that anchors a muscle to bone
138
thigh
portion of the lower limb located between the hip and knee joints
139
thoracic cage
consists of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum
140
tibia
shin bone; the large, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg
141
transverse process
paired bony processes that extend laterally from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
142
true ribs
vertebrosternal ribs 1-7 that attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum
143
ulna
bone located on the medial side of the forearm
144
uniaxial joint
type of diarthrosis; joint that allows for motion within only 1 plane (1 axis)
145
vertebra
individual bone in the neck and back regions of the vertebral column
146
vertebral column
entire sequence of bones that extend from the skull to the tailbone
147
vertebral foramen
opening associated with each vertebra defined by the vertebral arch that provides passage for the spinal cord
148
vomer bone
unpaired bone that forms the inferior and posterior portions of the nasal septum
149
xiphoid process
small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum
150
zygomatic arch
elongated, free-standing arch on the lateral skull, formed anteriorly by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and posteriorly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
151
zygomatic bone
cheekbone; paired bones that contribute to the lateral orbit and anterior zygomatic arch
