Module 2

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Question 2

anterior

Answer 2

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Question 3

caudal

Answer 3

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

Question 4

cell

Answer 4

smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Question 5

control center

Answer 5

compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Question 6

cranial

Answer 6

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

Question 7

deep

Answer 7

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

Question 8

development

Answer 8

changes an organism goes through during its life

Question 9

differentiation

Answer 9

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 10

distal

Answer 10

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body

Question 11

dorsal

Answer 11

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

Question 12

effector

Answer 12

organ that can cause a change in a value

Question 13

frontal plane

Answer 13

2-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Question 14

gross anatomy

Answer 14

study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy

Question 15

growth

Answer 15

process of increasing in size

Question 16

homeostasis

Answer 16

steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Question 17

inferior

Answer 17

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal

Question 18

lateral

Answer 18

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Question 19

medial

Answer 19

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Question 20

microscopic anatomy

Answer 20

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Question 21

negative feedback

Answer 21

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Question 22

normal range

Answer 22

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Question 23

organ

Answer 23

functionally distinct structure composed of 2 or more types of tissues

Question 24

organ system

Answer 24

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 25

organism

Answer 25

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Question 26

physiology

Answer 26

science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

Question 27

plane

Answer 27

imaginary dimensional surface that passes through the body

Question 28

positive feedback

Answer 28

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Question 29

posterior

Answer 29

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

Question 30

prone

Answer 30

face down

Question 31

proximal

Answer 31

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body

Question 32

regional anatomy

Answer 32

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Question 33

renewal

Answer 33

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

Question 34

sagittal plane

Answer 34

2-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Question 35

section

Answer 35

in anatomy, a single flat surface of a 3-dimensional structure that has been cut through

Question 36

sensor (receptor)

Answer 36

reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Question 37

set point

Answer 37

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter is stable and optimally healthful, within its parameters of homeostasis

Question 38

superficial

Answer 38

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

Question 39

superior

Answer 39

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

Question 40

supine

Answer 40

face up

Question 41

tissue

Answer 41

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Question 42

transverse plane

Answer 42

2-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Question 43

ventral

Answer 43

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior