Module 3 Flashcards
actin
protein that makes up most of the thin myofilaments in a sarcomere muscle fiber
articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
articulation
where 2 bones surfaces meet
bone
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
canaliculi (singular=canaliculus)
channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte’s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients
cardiac muscle
heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously
cartilage
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
central canal
longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal
chondrocytes
cells of the cartilage
collagen fiber
flexible, fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength
connective tissue
type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems
contractility
the ability to shorten/contract forcibly
compact bone
dense, osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
diaphysis
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
elasticity
ability to stretch and rebound
elastic cartilage
type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support and elasticity
elastic fiber
fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size
endochondral ossification
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
endosteum
delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity
epimysium
outer layer of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle
epiphyseal line
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
epiphysis
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
extensibility
the ability to lengthen/extend
fibroblast
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
fibrocartilage
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
flat bone
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
fluid connective tissue
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
histology
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance