Module 5 Flashcards
Internal Energy
The total sum of randomly distributed kinetic energy and potential energy of particles in a substance.
Thermal Equilibrium
No net transfer of thermal energy between bodies in thermal contact (they are at the same temperature).
Specific Heat Capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one kelvin.
Specific Latent of Fusion
The energy required per unit mass to change a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature (or vice versa).
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The energy required per unit mass to change a substance from liquid to a gas at constant temperature (or vice versa).
Boyle’s Law
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant temperature.
Absolute Zero
The temperature at which all substances have their minimum internal energy (-273°C).
Avogadro’s Constant
The number of atoms of carbon-12 in 0.012 kg (12g) of carbon-12.
Centripetal Force
A resultant force which acts perpendicular to the direction of motion, instantaneously towards the centre of a circle.
Simple Harmonic Motion
Oscillating motion where the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and is always directed towards the equilibrium position.
Isochronous Oscillator
An oscillator that has the same time period regardless of its amplitude. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is isochronous.
Free Oscillations
The oscillations are not caused by an external periodic driving force. The system oscillates at its natural frequency.
Forced Oscillations
The oscillations are caused by an external periodic driving force. The system oscillates at the driving frequency.
Gravitional Field Strength
Force per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field.
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
The gravitational force of attraction exerted on one object by another object is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres of mass.