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Physics > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scalar Quantity

A

A quantity with magnitude but not direction.

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2
Q

Vector Quantity

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction.

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3
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change of distance travelled.

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4
Q

Average Speed

A

Total distance travelled divided by the time taken.

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5
Q

Instantaneous Speed

A

Total distance travelled divided by the time taken.

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6
Q

Displacement

A

Distance moved in a stated direction.

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7
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement.

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8
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity.

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9
Q

Thinking Distance

A

Distance travelled between the driver observing the hazard and pressing the brake

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10
Q

Braking Distance

A

Distance travelled from when the driver starts braking to when the car stops.

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11
Q

Stopping Distance

A

Distance travelled from when the driver sees a problem to when the car stops. (thinking distance + braking distance)

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12
Q

Newton

A

One newton is the force that causes a mass of 1kg to have an acceleration of 1ms^-2.

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13
Q

Weight

A

The weight of an object is the gravitational force acting on the object.

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14
Q

Drag

A

The resistive force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.

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15
Q

Terminal Velocity

A

The constant speed reached by an object when the drag force (and upthrust) is equal and opposite to the weight of the object. (At terminal velocity, drag + upthrust = weight)

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16
Q

Moment of a Force

A

The force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from a specified point (pivot).

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17
Q

Pinciple of Moments

A

If an object is balanced, then the sum of the clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same pivot.

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18
Q

Equilbrium

A

For an object to be in equilibrium, the resultant force = 0N and the resultant moment = 0Nm.

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19
Q

Couple

A

A couple is a pair of equal and parallel but opposite forces, which tends to produce rotation only.

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20
Q

Torque of a Couple

A

The force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between the forces.

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21
Q

Centre of Gravity

A

A point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.

22
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume.

23
Q

Pressure

A

Normal force exerted per unit cross-sectional area.

24
Q

Upthrust

A

The upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid.

25
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

The upthrust on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of fluid it displaces.

26
Q

Work Done

A

The force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force.

27
Q

Joule

A

The work done by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one metre.

28
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed into other forms.

29
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of a body due to the motion of the body.

30
Q

Potential Energy

A

The stored energy associated with a force due to the position of a body.

31
Q

Gravitional Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in a mass due to its position in a gravitational field.

32
Q

Power

A

Rate of work done.

33
Q

Watt

A

One joule per second.

34
Q

Hookes’ Law

A

The tensile force applied is directly proportional to the extension (or compression) of the spring, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

35
Q

Force Constant

A

Tensile force per unit extension.

36
Q

Tensile Stress

A

Tensile force per unit cross-sectional area of a material.

37
Q

Tensile Strain

A

Extension per unit length of a material.

38
Q

The Young Modulus

A

Tensile stress per unit tensile strain.

39
Q

Ultimate Tensile Strength

A

The maximum stress a material can withstand.

40
Q

Elastic Deformation

A

The material will return to its original length/shape once the tensile force has been removed. It will not be permanently deformed.

41
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

The material will not return to its original length/shape once the tensile force has been removed. It will be permanently deformed.

42
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in an object due to its deformation.

43
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant external force.

44
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

The resultant force acting on an object is proportional to the rate of change of momentum and the change in momentum occurs in the same direction as the resultant force.

45
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

When body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts a force on body A which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

46
Q

Linear Momentum

A

Mass x Velocity

47
Q

Impulse

A

Force x time for which the force acts.

48
Q

Conservation of Momentum

A

The total momentum of a closed system is constant, provided that no external forces are applied.

49
Q

Perfectly Elastic Collision

A

During the collision, no kinetic energy is transferred into other forms. Kinetic energy is conserved.

50
Q

Inelastic Collison

A

During the collision, some kinetic energy is transferred into other forms.

Physics (9 decks)

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