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Physics > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Electric Current

A

Rate of flow of charged particles

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2
Q

Conventional Current

A

A model used to describe the net movement of charge in a circuit. Conventional current flows from the positive to the negative terminal.

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3
Q

Conservation of Charge

A

Charge is conserved in all interactions: it cannot be created or destroyed.

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4
Q

Coulomb

A

One coulomb of electric charge passes a point in one second when there is an electric current of one ampere flowing.

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5
Q

Amp

A

The current flowing in two parallel wires separated by one metre in a vacuum such that there is an attractive force of 2.0 x 10^-7 N per metre length of wire between them.

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6
Q

Electrolyte

A

A fluid that contains ions that are free to move, act as charge carriers and hence conduct electricity.

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7
Q

Number Density

A

The number of free (delocalised) electrons per unit volume of material.

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8
Q

Conductor

A

A material with a high number density of conduction electrons and therefore a low resistance.

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9
Q

Insulator

A

Amaterial with a small number density of conduction electrons and therefore a very high resistance.

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10
Q

Semiconductor

A

A material with a lower number density of conduction electrons than a conductor and therefore a higher resistance.

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11
Q

Mean Drift Velocity

A

The average displacement of electrons moving along a wire per unit time.

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12
Q

Electromotive force

A

EMF is the energy transferred per unit charge when chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

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13
Q

Potential Difference

A

Potential difference is the energy transferred per unit charge when electrical energy is converted into another form of energy.

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14
Q

Volt

A

Where one joule of energy is transferred when one coulomb of charge passes from one point to the other.

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15
Q

Resistance

A

The resistance of a conductor is the ratio of the pd across it to the current flowing through it.

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16
Q

Ohm

A

P.D. Of 1V
Currents of 1A

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17
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

For a conductor at constant temperature, the current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the pd across its ends.

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18
Q

Kilowatt-hour

A

For a conductor at constant temperature, the current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the pd across its ends.

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19
Q

Kirchoff’s First Law

A

The sum of the currents entering any point in an electrical circuit is equal to the sum of the currents leaving that point, as charge is conserved.

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20
Q

Kirchoff’s Second Law

A

The sum of the emfs around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to the sum of the pds around the same closed loop, as energy is conserved.

21
Q

Internal Resistance

A

Some energy is transformed into thermal energy within the cell; it behaves as if it had a resistance.

22
Q

Resistivity

A

The material’s resistance multiplied by its cross-sectional area divided by its length.

23
Q

Progressive Wave

A

A wave which transfers energy from one point to another without a transfer of matter.

24
Q

Longitudinal Wave

A

A wave where the oscillations of the particles are parallel to the direction of travel of the wave.

25
Q

Transverse Wave

A

A wave where the oscillations of the particles are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.

26
Q

Displacement (wave)

A

The distance of a point on the wave from the equilibrium position.

27
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of any point on the wave from the equilibrium position.

28
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from any point on the wave to the next subsequent point in phase.

29
Q

Wave Speed

A

The speed at which energy is transferred by the wave.

30
Q

Frequency (wave)

A

The number of oscillations at a point per unit time.

31
Q

Time Period

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation.

32
Q

Phase Difference

A

How far ‘out of step’ the oscillations at two points on the same wave are.

33
Q

Diffraction

A

The spreading out of a wave after passing through a gap or past an obstacle.

34
Q

Plane Polarisation

A

Plane polarised waves have oscillations in one plane only, which is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

35
Q

Intensity

A

The rate of energy incident per unit area.

36
Q

Refreactive Index

A

Amaterial property equal to the ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in that given medium.

37
Q

Critical Angle

A

The angle of incidence that results in the refracted ray travelling along the media boundary. (angle of refraction = 90°)

38
Q

Interference

A

When two or more coherent waves superpose at a point, there is a change in overall displacement.

39
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

When two waves interfere at a point, the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.

40
Q

Path Difference

A

The extra distance travelled by one of the waves compared with the other.

41
Q

Coherent Waves

A

Waves which have a constant phase difference.

42
Q

Node

A

A point where the amplitude of oscillations is always zero.

43
Q

Antinode

A

A point where the amplitude of oscillations takes the maximum possible value.

44
Q

The Photoelectric Effect

A

The emission of electrons from a metal surface when photons are incident on that surface.

45
Q

Photon

A

A quantum of energy of electromagnetic radiation.

46
Q

Electronvolt

A

The energy gained by an electron which is accelerated through a pd of one volt.

47
Q

Threshold Frequency

A

The minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation required to eject an electron from a metal surface during the photoelectric effect.

48
Q

Work Function

A

The minimum energy of electromagnetic radiation required to eject an electron from a metal surface during the photoelectric effect.

49
Q

De Broglie Wavelength

A

The wavelength associated with a particle with mass. It depends on the particle’s momentum.

Physics (9 decks)

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