Module 5

Question 1

What is the function of bones?

Answer 1

They support the weight of the body, allow for body movements, and protect internal organs.

Question 2

What is the function of the cartilage?

Answer 2

It provides flexible strength and supports body structures such as the thoracic cage, the external ear, and the trachea and larynx.

Question 3

What is the function of the cartilage at the joints of the body?

Answer 3

Cartilage can unite adjacent bones or provide cushioning between them.

Question 4

What are ligaments?

Answer 4

They are strong connective tissue bands that hold the bones at a moveable joint together and serve to prevent excessive movements of the joint that would result in injury.

Question 5

How many bones are there in the skeleton of adults?

Answer 5

206

Question 6

Describe the axial skeleton

Answer 6

Axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body and incudes all bones of the head, neck, chest and back.

Question 7

How many bones does the axial skeleton of the adult consist?

Answer 7

80 bones.

Question 8

How many bones are there in the skull of an adult?

Answer 8

22, and additional 7 bones associated with head including hyiod bone.

Question 9

How many bones are there in the verterbral column?

Answer 9

24 bones

Question 10

What does the appendicular skeleton include?

Answer 10

All bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton.

Question 11

How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 11

126 bones

Question 12

Which bone in the skull is the only movable bone?

Answer 12

The mandible or lower jaw.

Question 13

What is the most common type of joint in the body?

Answer 13

Synovial joint

Question 14

How is a synovial joint different from fibrous or cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

Unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage.

Question 15

What are synovial joints characterized by?

Answer 15

By the presence of a joint cavity.

Question 16

What are the walls of a joint cavity formed by?

Answer 16

The walls of the joint cavity are formed by the articular capsule.

Question 17

What is an articular capsule?

Answer 17

A fibrous connective tissue that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface.

Question 18

What prevents friction between the bones at a synovial joint?

Answer 18

The presence of the articular cartilage

Question 19

What is an articular cartilage?

Answer 19

It is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone.

Question 20

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 20

It acts like a Teflon coating over the bone surfaces, allowing the articulating bones to move smoothly against each other without damaging the underlying bone tissue.

Question 21

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 21

Pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints.

Question 22

Where are the two ball and socket joints located at the body?

Answer 22

At the hip and shoulder