Module 5 Flashcards
an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist or other properly licensed medical practitioner.
Designate a specific medication and dosage to be prepared by a pharmacist.
Are usually written on preprinted forms containing the traditional “Rx” (means “recipe”, “take thou”, or “you take”.)
Prescription
Are usually received by the pharmacist via telephone or by direct communication.
Pharmacists immediately reduces the order to a properly written form or computer entry.
Prescriptions are used in the outpatient, or ambulatory setting.
Prescription Orders
Prescriptions are…
▪ primary means by which prescribers communicate with pharmacists regarding the desired treatment regimen for a patient.
▪ written for infants, children, and elderly which also includes the age, weight and/or body surface area (BSA) of the patient.
▪ Medication orders are used in the inpatient or institutional health system setting.
▪ Prescriptions and inpatient orders are legal orders that can be used for medications, devices, laboratory tests, and procedures.
▪ Before dispensing the prescription or medication order, the pharmacist’s responsibility is to evaluate the prescription or medication order for appropriateness.
▪ This includes ensuring the correct drug, dose and dosage form, frequency, route of administration, duration of therapy and indication.
A prescription contains:
▪ NAME OF THE PATIENT
▪ DRUG NAME
▪ DRUG STRENGTH
▪ DRUG DOSAGE FORM
▪ QUANTITY PRESCRIBED
▪ DIRECTION FOR USE
▪ NAME, ADDRESS AND SIGNATURE
OF THE PRESCRIBER
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
▪ DATE OF ISSUE
▪ NUMBER OF REFILLS AUTHORIZED
▪ ADDRESS AND DATE OF BIRTH OF PATIENT
▪ PRESCRIBER’S DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION(DEA) REGISTRATION NUMBER.
Medication Errors…
▪Typically contain similar information that would be included on a prescription.
▪This includes patient’s name, patient’s date of birth, medical record number, patient’s location and room number, date and time of order, drug name, dose, route, frequency, and duration; prescriber’s name and signature.
▪ Pharmacy is the art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to the prescriptions of physicians.
▪ Compounding is a professional prerogative that pharmacists have performed since the beginning of the profession. Even today, the definitions of pharmacy include the preparation of drugs.
Extemporaneous Compounding
▪ is increasing for a number of reasons, including:
- the availability of a limited number of dosage forms for most drugs
- a limited number of strengths of most drugs, home health care, hospice, the non-availability of drug products/combinations, discontinued drugs, drug shortages, orphan drugs, new therapeutic approaches and special patient populations.
▪ Special populations includes:
- pediatrics, geriatrics, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women, pain management, dental patients, environmentally and cosmetic sensitive patients, sports injuries and
veterinary compounding, including small, large, herd, exotic, and companion animals.
Pharmaceutical Compounding
are unique professionals: well trained in the natural, physical, and medical sciences and sensitized to the potential tragedy that may result from a single mistake that may occur in the daily practice of their profession.
THE COMPOUNDING PHARMACIST
Compounding may hold different meanings to different pharmacists. It may mean
▪ the preparation of oral liquids, topical creams/ointments, suppositories
▪ the conversion of one dose or dosage form into another
▪ the preparation of select dosage forms from bulk chemicals
▪ the preparation of intravenous admixtures, parenteral nutrition solutions, pediatric dosage forms from adult dosage forms
▪ the preparation of radioactive isotopes; or the preparation of cassettes, syringes, and other devices with drugs for administration in the home setting.
There are different types of compounded prescriptions, including:
▪ Isolated
▪ Routine
▪ Batch prepared
is one the pharmacist is not expecting to receive nor expecting to receive it again.
Isolated prescription
is one the pharmacist may expect to receive in the future on a routine basis, and there may be some benefits to product quality to standardize preparations like this (ie, preparation protocols on file).
Routine prescription
is one in which multiple identical units are prepared as a single operation in anticipation of the receipt of prescriptions.
Batch-prepared prescription
Evaluating the feasibility of Batch compounding:
▪ ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS—There are at least two different economic considerations in making the decision to compound prescriptions; these include:
(1) pharmacist compensation
(2) health-care costs
Compounding Factors:
STABILITY
QUALITY CONTROL
TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
EQUIPMENT
ENVIRONMENT
FORMULAS
CHEMICALS AND SUPPLIES
