Finals Reporting

Question 1

systematic assessment of a patient’s medication management

aim:
optimize quality use of medicines minimize medication-related problems.

Answer 1

MEDICATION REVIEW

Question 2

a multidisciplinary responsibility that ensures the ongoing safe and
effective use of medicines at
all stages of the medication
management pathway.

Answer 2

MEDICATION REVIEW

Question 3

TYPES OF MEDICATION REVIEW

Answer 3

MEDICATION ORDER REVIEW
MEDICATION ADHERENCE REVIEW

Question 4

review of individual medication orders and/or prescription validity. It may take place w/o the patient present.

Answer 4

MEDICATION ORDER REVIEW

Question 5

review of a patient’s medicine-taking behavior (how they actually take their medicines and what their beliefs about medicines are).

Answer 5

MEDICATION ADHERENCE REVIEW

Question 6

comprehensive review of a patient’s medicines in the context of their clinical conditions. Partnering with the patient/carer is essential.

Answer 6

clinical medication review

Question 7

Conducting ______ medication reviews can optimize the medications used and reduce medicine-related problems.

Answer 7

evidence-based

Question 8

In conducting amedication review it should be based on the ______.
-knowledge of processes for managing medicines,
-therapeutic knowledge on medicines use,
- ability to effectively communicate

Answer 8

clinicians’ knowledge and skill

Question 9

The delivery models for medication review are just the same across health service organizations.

T or F

Answer 9

F

may vary across

Question 10

Patients with a higher risk of experiencing medication-related harm should be given priority.
Risk assessment and stratification should be based on evidence and local organizational priorities.

T or F

Answer 10

T

Question 11

A reduction in efficacy due to an
interaction can sometimes be just as
harmful as an increase.

T or F

Answer 11

T

Question 12

A reduction in efficacy due to an
interaction can sometimes be just as
harmful as an increase.

T or F

Answer 12

T

Question 13

it is said to occur when the effects of one drug are changed by the presence of another drug, herbal medicine, food, drink or by some environmental chemical agent.

Answer 13

interaction

Question 14

The more drugs a patient takes the
lesser the likelihood that an adverse
reaction will occur.

T or F

Answer 14

F

greater

Question 15

Drug interaction incidence is
expected to be higher in the adults
because ageing affects the functioning of the kidneys and liver.

T or F

Answer 15

F

Elderly

Question 16

Treating patients with more than one drug at a time is extremely risky. Some quite essential drug interactions remained virtually unnoticed for many years.

T or F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

5 Patient factors contributing to DI:

Answer 17

Age
Drug dose
Serum drug level
Drug metabolism
Polypharmacy

Question 18

_____interactions are those that can affect the processes by which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted (the so- called ADME interactions).

Answer 18

Pharmacokinetic

Question 19

Drug Absorption Interactions:

Answer 19

• Effects of changes in gastrointestinalI pH
• Adsorption, chelation & other complexing mechanisms
• Changes in gastrointestinal motility
• Induction or inhibition of drug transporter proteins
  Malabsorption caused by drugs

Question 20

Drug Distribution Interactions:

Answer 20

• Protein-binding interactions
• Induction or inhibition of drug transport proteins

Question 21

Drug Metabolism (Biotransformation) Interactions:

Answer 21

Changes in first-pass metabolism
Enzyme induction
Enzyme inhibition
Genetic factors in drug metabolism
Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes & predicting drug interactions

Question 22

(involving oxidation, reduction
or hydrolysis), turn drugs into more polar compounds

Answer 22

phase I reactions (functionalization)

Question 23

coupling drugs with some other substance (e.g. glucuronic acid, known as glucuro- nidation) to make usually inactive compounds.

Answer 23

phase II reactions (conjugation)

Question 24

Drug Excretion Interactions:

Answer 24

Changes in urinary pH
Changes in active renal tubular excretion
Changes in renal blood flow
Biliary excretion & the entero-hepatic shunt

Question 25

are those where the effects of one drug are changed by the presence of
another drug at its site of action.

Answer 25

Pharmacodynamic interactions

Question 26

If two drugs that have the same pharmacological effect are given together the effects can be additive.

Answer 26

Additive or Synergistic Interactions

Question 27

pairs of drugs with activities that are opposed to one another.

Answer 27

Antagonistic or Opposing Interactions

Question 28

number of drugs with actions that occur at adrenergic neurons can be prevented from reaching those sites
of action by the presence of other drugs.

Answer 28

Drug or Neurotransmitters Uptake Interactions

Question 29

they prevent the reuptake of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into peripheral adrenergic neurons.

Answer 29

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 30

what type of drugs are most susceptible to alterations of GI absorption?

Answer 30

drugs that are not absorbed completely under optimum circumstances

Question 31

by increasing Gl motility, may increase the rate at which another drug passes through the GI tract.

Answer 31

CATHARTICS

Question 32

by decreasing GI motility, also
may influence drug absorption

Answer 32

ANTICHOLINERGICS

Question 33

increases motility of the
upper GI tract,

Answer 33

METOCLOPRAMIDE