Module 5

Question 1

Factors affecting flexibility (7)

Answer 1

Joint structure
soft tissue 
body composition 
age 
Sex
physical activity 
muscle temperature

Question 2

Dynamic flexibility

Answer 2

Measures resistance during muscle elongation

Question 3

Static flexibility

Answer 3

Direct and indirect measures of ROM

Question 4

Testing flexibility

Answer 4

General warm up and static stretching
Three trials
Compare to norms
Identify areas of improvement

Question 5

Components of neuromotor training (5)

Answer 5

Balance 
agility 
gate 
coordination
proprioception

Question 6

Direct methods of balance assessment (4)

Answer 6

Computerized force plates
Anteroposterior and mediolateral coordinates of center of pressure
Available data
Costly systems

Question 7

Indirect measures of static balance (3)

Answer 7

Romberg test
unipedal stance test
balance error scoring system (BESS)

Question 8

Indirect measures of reactive balance

Answer 8

Nudge test
postural stress test
Subjective scoring

Question 9

Indirect measures of dynamic balance

Answer 9

Functional reach test 
timed up and go test
star excursion balance test
Y balance 
gate velocity test

Question 10

Stretching methods

Answer 10

Ballistic
static
dynamic
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation PNF

Question 11

Passive stretching

Answer 11

Targeted muscle does not contract

Question 12

Active stretching

Answer 12

Lengthened muscles contract during stretch

Question 13

Variations of PNF

Answer 13

Contract relax
Contract relax agonist contract
Stretch return contract

Question 14

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 14

Inhibitory signals from GTO during static muscle action

Question 15

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 15

Targeted muscle relaxes with contraction of opposing muscle

Question 16

Gate control theory

Answer 16

GTO adapts after repeated bouts of increased stretch and force

Question 17

Viscoelastic stress relaxation

Answer 17

Viscous property of muscle loses its ability to resist elongation as stretch is held

Question 18

General guidelines for stretching (6)

Answer 18

Warm up before stretching
Stretch all major muscle groups
Accumulate 60 seconds of stretch per muscle group
Don't stretch beyond pain threshold
Slow rhythmic breathing
Stretch in different planes

Question 19

Predictors of low back pain (4)

Answer 19

Trunk flexibility
Trunk muscular endurance
Balance
Bmi

Question 20

Recommended activities to improve balance

Answer 20

Resistance training
Stretching
Activities of strength and balance