Module 3 Flashcards
VO2 max
Maximal oxygen uptake per minute
VO2 peak
Highest oxygen consumption during exercise test
Absolute VO2
- L/min or ml/min
- No reference to body mass
Relative VO2
- ml/kg/min
- Energy cost of weight bearing exercises
- Allows comparison of cardio respiratory fitness across body sizes
Gross VO2
Rest + exercise oxygen consumption
Net VO2
Oxygen consumption of exercise only
Guidelines for exercise testing (4)
1) choose maximum or submaximal exertion test
2) VO2 Max measured directly (max) or estimated (submax.)
3) multi-stage (graded) protocols best
4) maximal test NOT more dangerous than submaximal test
VO2 attainment criterion (6)
1) Plateau in oxygen consumption
2) VO2 increase less than or equal to 150 mL/min
3) Heart rate fails to rise with increasing workload
4) RPE above 17
5) blood lactate above 8 mmol/L
6) RER above 1.15
Procedures for exercise testing (8)
1) timely delivery of pretest guidelines
2) informed consent and screening procedures
3) baseline hemodynamic assessment
4) familiarized with RPE scale
5) warm up
6) monitor RPE and hemodynamics throughout test and recovery
7) monitor client physical appearance and symptoms
8) cooldown
Reasons to terminate an exercise test (5)
- End of protocol
- equipment malfunction
- client asks to stop
- signs or symptoms indicating need to stop
- reach predetermined end point (submax.)
Signs and Symptoms for test stoppage (6)
- onset of angina or angina like symptoms
- below 10 mmHg drop in systolic from baseline
- blood pressure excessive rise: over 250 systolic or above 115 diastolic
- shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps, claudication
- poor perfusion signs
- noticeable change in heart rhythm
Reasons to use submaximal testing
- cost and time effective
- maybe shorter version of max test
Four assumptions of submaximal testing
1) Steady state heart rate attained and maintained at each stage
2) Linear relationship between heart rate and VO2
3) Mechanical efficiency constant for everyone
4) Heart rate max is similar for all of same age
Adjusting workload on treadmill
Speed
Incline
RPE for clamped protocol
Adjusting workload for stationary bike
Cadence
resistance
metronome can be handy
RPE for clamp protocol
Testing with cycle ergonometers
In advance -check calibration -know pedaling cadence requirements -Know resistance change requirements -establish warm up and cool down requirements -set proper seat height -set handlebars to comfortable forward reach -instructor client regarding protocol Afterward -unload any resistance on flywheel
Age predicted heart rate max
220 - age
Can estimate VO2 max using which models
Multi-stage model
-Need two stages with steady state heart rates between 115 and 150 BPM
Single stage model
-need one stage with steady state heart rate between 130 and 150
Bench stepping
- Not ideal for max test
- Numerous
Exercise testing for children
Treadmill preferred to bike
Field tests
-have to 1 mi run/walk
-20 m shuttle run
Exercise testing for older adults
Modified protocols Extend warm up and cool down Stage extension for steady state Field tests -self-paced stepping -timed walking or stepping
Basic principles of program design (7)
Specificity of training Overload Progression Initial values Inter-individual variability Diminishing returns Reversibility
Basic variabilities of exercise prescription
(FITT-R) Modality of exercise session/program Intensity of exercise Duration of exercise Frequency of exercise Rate of progression through exercise program
Types of training and exercise modes (6)
Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular strength and endurance Bone strength Body composition Flexibility Balance
Stages of program progression
Initial conditioning -for decondition clients were those needing familiarization -1 to 6 weeks Improvement -aggressive progression toward goal -last 4 to 8 months Maintenance -build on fitness base -add variety and activities of interest to the client
Program design phase concepts
Phase 1: Stabilization endurance Phase 2: strength endurance Phase 3: hypertrophy Phase 4: maximal strength Phase 5: power
Five primary movements of exercise
Bend and lift movements Single leg movements Pushing movements Pulling movements Rotational movements
Talk test
Determines/estimates heart rate at the first ventilatory threshold (VT1)
