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KIN 122 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that distinguish one person from another, persist over time and situation

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2
Q

What is Hollander’s Structure of Personality?

A

personality core: perception of ourselves, developed from early environmental interactions
typical responses: predictable behaviours
role-related behaviours: variable behaviours

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3
Q

Explain biological theories of personality.

A

links personality with biological processes, mind-body connection

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4
Q

What is Sheldon’s Consitutional Theory? The type of somatotypes?

A

certain somatotypes predispose individuals toward behavioural consistency
ectomorph
endomorph
mesomorph

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5
Q

Explain ectomorph, endomorph, and mesomorph.

A

ectomorph: linear, tall, cerebrotonia personality (tense, introvert, restrained)
endomorph: plump, round, viscerotonia personality (affection, sociable, relaxed, cheerful)
mesomorph: inverted triangle shape, athletic, somatotonic personality (adventurous, risk-taking, aggressive)

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6
Q

Explain trait theories of personality.

A

center on the examination of traits

traits: cause you to act in a certain way

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7
Q

What are the 5 global factors that can describe all individuals? (OCEAN)

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism
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8
Q

Differentiate between personality traits and states

A

personality traits: psychological characteristics and remain stable over time
personality states: situation specific feelings

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9
Q

What types of moods are lower in elite athletes?

A

tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion

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10
Q

What moods are elite athletes higher in?

A

vigor, emotional energy, cognitive liveliness

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11
Q

True or false: anxiety is arousal

A

cap

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12
Q

What is arousal?

A

physiological and psychological activation of an individuals autonomic nerv. sys
physiological state of readiness and psychological activation

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13
Q

True or false: stress is not anxiety

A

fact

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14
Q

What is stress?

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand upon it

good or bad (depends on interpretation

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15
Q

The two types of stress?

A

eustress=positive stress

distress=negative stress

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16
Q

Explain anxiety.

A

tension and worry that results from distress
negatively charged emotion
resulting from uncertainty of what will happen

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17
Q

Differentiate between state and trait anxiety.

A

trait anxiety: stable part of individuals personality

state anxiety: worries that change from moment to moment

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18
Q

What are the two types of state anxiety?

A

cognitive state anxiety: psychological, result of worrying

somatic state anxiety: physical, perception of physiological responses

19
Q

What are the dimensions of the anxiety response?

A

intensity=amount/level of symptoms
frequency=amount of time that thoughts+feelings occupy the mind
direction=facilitative or debilitative

20
Q

Which type of anxiety starts high and remains high as competition approaches? Which is low until day of competition?

A

cognitive

somatic

21
Q

What is the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory?

A

addresses the relationship between cognitive and somatic components of anxiety and sport performance
addresses how the relationship between anxiety and sport performance may change across phases of competition

22
Q

What is the Zones of Optimal Functioning Theory?

A

best sport performance likely to occur with optimal levels of state anxiety and that optimal level is a “zone”

23
Q

Are somatic and cognitive anxiety good for performance?

A

somatic: good to a point
cognitive: not good

24
Q

What is a mental skills training program?

A

structured and consistent practice of psychological skills

25
Q

The three phases of mental skills training programs?

A

education: recognize importance of mental skills
acquisition: acquire mental skills and learn how to employ them
practice: implement mental skills

26
Q

What are common mental skills used by elite athletes?

A

goal setting
imagery
positive self-talk
attentional focusing

27
Q

What are the two categories of relaxation?

A

Muscle-to-mind: releasing physical tension

Mind-to-muscle: efferent nerve control to release cognitive anxiety

28
Q

What are the types of muscle-to-mind?

A

breathing exercises, progressive relaxation

29
Q

What are the types of mind-to-muscle?

A

meditation
visualization
autogenic training

30
Q

What is imagery?

A

using one’s senses to re-create an experience in the mind
mimics real experience
polysensory

31
Q

Differentiate between internal and external imagery?

A

internal: experience images from behind your own eyes (more effective due to more senses)
external: see the image from outside your body

32
Q

What are keys to using imagery effectively?

A

controllability: imagining exactly what was intended, able to manipulate it
vividness: how clearly an image is seen and detailed it appears, polysensory

33
Q

What is self-talk?

A

verbalizations or statements that are addressed to the self

34
Q

What are the functions of self-talk?

A

instructional: used for skill development, execution, strategy, performanc improvement
motivational: for mastery, arousal, drive

35
Q

Differentiate between a goal and goal setting.

A

goal=target or objective striving to be attained

goal setting=the practice of establishing desirable objectives

36
Q

How does goal setting work?

A 
directs attention
mobilizes effort 
promotes development of new learning strategies
influences psychological states
enhances self-confidence
37
Q

What are the types of goals?

A

outcome goals: focus on the results of a contest between opponents
performance goals: improvements relative to one’s past performance
process goals: procedures the athlete must engage in during performance

38
Q

What are the goal setting guidelines?

A 
SMART 
state positively rather than negatively 
moderate difficulty 
goals for practice and competition 
make goals public 
review goals regularly
39
Q

What are the dimensions of cohesion?

A

individual: beliefs each member holds about personal benefits of group
group: beliefs each member holds about the group as a collective
task: orientation toward achieving the groups objective
social: orientation toward developing and maintaining social relationships

40
Q

What are the factors associated with group cohesion?

A

environmental (branding, size, setting)
leadership (leaders behaviour, autocratic vs democratic)
personal (indivudal adherence, individual effort, individual sacrifice)
team (team success)

41
Q

True or false: cohesion always enhances success

A

false

42
Q

What is team building?

A

an effective strategy to enhance a team’s cohesion and performance

43
Q

Successful TB interventions

A

team leadership is coherent and acceptable
members understand roles and responsibilities
emotional sign up
positive, energetic, empowering climate
group meetings are efficient
weaknesses are diagnosed and eliminated

KIN 122 (5 decks)

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