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NEBDN National Certificate in Radiography > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Bitewings Advantages

A 
• Simple and straightforward
• Difficult for tongue to displace the 
receptor
• Beam aiming device determines
angulation
• Cone cutting avoided
• Autoclavable/disposable holders
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2
Q

Bitewings Disadvantages

A
  • Not 100% reproducible
  • Uncomfortable for patients
  • Expensive holders
  • Holders unsuitable for children
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3
Q

Bitewings- Receptor positioned too far posterior

A

No premolars

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4
Q

Bitewings - Receptor incorrectly placed

A

Displacement of receptor by tongue, Distortion

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5
Q

Bitewings - ncorrect beam alignment in horizontal plane

A
  • Too far posterior or anterior – coned off

* Not aimed through contact areas – overlapping

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6
Q

Bitewings- Incorrect beam alignment in vertical plane

A

No superimposition of buccal and lingual cusps

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7
Q

Bitewings - Incorrect exposure settings

A

Over exposed – burn out – poor contrast - dark image

• Underexposed – poor contrast – pale image

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8
Q

Bitewings - movement of patient

A

Blurring

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9
Q

Selection for Bitewings every 6 months

A

High risk

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10
Q

Selection for Bitewings every 12 months

A

Moderate Risk

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11
Q

Selection for Bitewings 12 -18 months primary / 2 years permanent dentition

A

Low Risk

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12
Q

PA - Maxillary incisors and canines

A
  • Accommodate height of palate

* Posterior position

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13
Q

PA - Mandibular incisors and canines

A
  • In floor of mouth

* In line with lower canines or premolars

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14
Q

PA - Maxillary premolars and molars

A
  • In midline

* Accommodate height

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15
Q

PA- Mandibular premolars and molars

A
  • Lingual sulcus

* Next to appropriate teeth

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16
Q

PA Errors - Dentures and appliances not removed

A

Superimposed

17
Q

Pa Errors - Incorrect position of receptor

A
  • Not over area of interest – no apicies or periapical tissues
  • Bending - distortion
18
Q

PA Errors - Incorrect orientation

A

• no image (back to front)

19
Q

PA Errors- Poor alignment

A
  • Horizontal – cone cutting, overlapping contact areas

* Vertical – cone cut, foreshortening, elongation

20
Q

Pa Errors - Poor communication

A

• movement, blurring

21
Q

PA Errors - Incorrect Settings

A

Poor contrast

22
Q

PA Errors - Double exposure

A

Receptor Used Twice

23
Q

Bisected Angle Technique

Advantages

A
  • Comfortable positioning for patient
  • Positioning is relatively simple and quick
  • Dependant on correct angulation, image is same length as tooth
  • Adequate for most diagnostic purposes
24
Q

Bisected Angle Technique

Disadvantages

A

Distortion due to many variables
• Elongation/ foreshortening – vertical angulation wrong
• Periodontal bone levels not seen
• Zygomatic shadow overlies roots of upper teeth
• Skill required for angulation assessment
• Not reproducible
• Cone cutting
• Roots and crowns overlap – horizontal angulation wrong
• Distortion of crowns common
• Foreshortened buccal roots of maxillary posterior
• teeth

25
Q

BA Errors - Elongation

A

Angulation too shallow, long image

26
Q

BA Errors - Foreshortening

A

Angulation too steep, short image

27
Q

BA Error - Coning

A

Angulation not central to film, partial exposure

28
Q

BA Error - Blurred image

A

Movement of patient or collimator

29
Q

BA Error - Transparent film

A

Film inserted the wrong way round

30
Q

BA Error - Fogged Film

A

Exposure to light before x-ray beam

31
Q

BA Error - Blank filme

A

Machine not switched on

32
Q

Upper standard occlusal

A

Standard occlusal

33
Q

Upper oblique occlusal

A

oblique occlusal

34
Q

true occlusal Mandibular

A

Lower 90° occlusal

35
Q

standard occlusal Madibular

A

Lower 45° occlusal

36
Q

Lower oblique occlusal madibular

A

oblique occlusal

NEBDN National Certificate in Radiography (8 decks)

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