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NEBDN National Certificate in Radiography > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered xrays

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

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2
Q

When were xrays discovered?

A

1896

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3
Q

Where were xrays discovered

A

The Glasgow Royal Infirmary

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4
Q

Who took the first Dental Xray

A

Otto

Walkhoff

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5
Q

Radiography Definition

A

Uses x-rays to produce images of areas inside

objects

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6
Q

Radiology

A

Uses images to diagnose and treat disease

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7
Q

What is Electromagnetic radiation is made up from

A

both electric and magnetic fields

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8
Q

What is a Photon

A

Waves are energy and momentum from one

point to another known as wave packet

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9
Q

What is a photon is equivalent to

A

one quantum of

energy

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10
Q

What mass does a photon have

A

None

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11
Q

What happens to a photon is a frequency is doubled?

A

The photon is doubled

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12
Q

How is energy of photons measured

A

In electron volts

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13
Q

What is Frequency

A

Number of repetitions in a given time period

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14
Q

With frequency what happens with more repetitions

A

More repetitions = higher frequency = shorter

wave length

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15
Q

What is the estimated individual does from background radiation

A

2.7mSv per year

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16
Q

ALARP

A

As Low As Reasonable Practicable

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17
Q

List Xray Equipment in Dental Surgery

A 
• Tube head
• Positioning arm
• Control panel
– Wall mounted
– Part of chair
– On wheels
– Hand held
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18
Q

What is the outer casing of the tubehead

A

Lead - must be

checked regularly to ensure no cracks or damage

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19
Q

What is the xray tube in and what is it filled with?

A

A glass envelope which is filled with oil to remove the heat

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20
Q

Step up transformer voltage?

A

Increases 240V to 60 - 90kv

21
Q

Step down transformer voltage?

A

Decreases the 240v to

7-10v required to heat the filament

22
Q

Aluminum filtration

A

Removes harmful low energy

x-rays (soft x-rays less than 30kV)

23
Q

What is a cathode?

A

A tungsten filament centered in a

focusing cup

24
Q

How are Electrons are produced?

A

By the filament and are focused at the
target on the anode (the x-rays
are produced at the anode)

25
Q

In the Cathode the focusing cup has what charge and why?

A

The focusing cup has a negative charge – the same as the electrons – this helps direct the electrons to the target

26
Q

What does the focusing cup do?

A

Aims the stream of electrons to the focal spot on the target

27
Q

What happens when the exposure button is pressed?

A

the electricity flows from
the filament in the cathode – the
filament gets hot

28
Q

What do electrons do?

A

Electrons are released which surround the filament

29
Q

What happens when the filament gets hotter

A

The hotter the filament gets the
greater number of electrons are
released

30
Q

What is Anode comprised of?

A

Comprised of a tungsten target on a copper

base.

31
Q

What happens when electrons from filament hit the target?

A

When the electrons from the filament hit the target they generate the x-rays and heat. The copper base removes the heat so as it doesn’t get too hot

32
Q

High Voltage (kilovoltage, kV)

A

Connected between the anode and the cathode to accelerate the electrons from the negative filament to the positive target
Kvp or Kilovoltage peak

33
Q

A Current (milliamperage, mA)

A

Flows from the cathode to the anode –
Measurement of the quantity of electrons
being accelerated

34
Q

Spacer Cone or Beam Indicating

Device (BID)

A

Direction the beam and sets the ideal distance
from the focal spot on the target to the skin
(FSD)

35
Q

What is the collimator

A

A metal disc with hole in the middle found by the
window in the lead casing. It limits and shapes
the beam and shapes to the same size as an
intra oral film.

36
Q

maximum size of the collimator

A

40 x 50 mm

37
Q

Aluminum Filtration

A

moves non diagnostic low energy (soft) xrays which are easily absorbed by the patient and therefore is more damaging

38
Q

Where is Aluminum Filtration

A

Found between the collimator and the spacer

cone

39
Q

List components of Control Panel

A
  • Mains switch
  • Timer
  • Exposure time selector
  • Film speed selector
  • Patient size selector
  • Mains voltage compensator
  • Kilovoltage selector
  • Milliamperage switch
  • Exposure adjustment for digital imaging
40
Q

What is Alternating Current

A

240V current is an alternating current- half is

negative and half is positive.

41
Q

What is the positive half of alternating current

A

The positive half only is needed for the production

of x-rays

42
Q

kV

A

Size of the tube voltage

43
Q

mA

A

Size of the tube current

44
Q

d

A

Distance from the target

45
Q

(t)

A

Time = length of exposure

46
Q

How do xrays travel and what is the law?

A

X-rays travel in straight lines and they obey
the inverse square law – Intensity = I/d² -
they decrease as you get further away from
the beam

47
Q

What are xrays referred to as?

A

X-rays are referred to as ionising radiation

48
Q

How can Xrays affect film emulsion?

A

X-rays can affect film emulsion to produce a
visual image and can cause certain salts to
fluoresce

NEBDN National Certificate in Radiography (8 decks)

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