Module 4.2.2 Classification & Evolution Flashcards
What is biological classification
The organisation of living & extinct organisms into systematic groups based similarities and differences between species
What is taxonomy
The study and practice of naming and classifying species & groups of species within the hierarchical classification scheme
What does D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S stand for
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the binomial naming system
A system of naming species in which each species has 2 names: a generic name & specific description
What are the 5 kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Fungli
Protoctista
Prokaryotae
What are the 3 domains
Archaea, eukarya, bacteria
What are the features of the eukarya domain
protoctista, fungi, plantae & animalia
What are the features of the bacteria domain
different cell membrane
flagella with different internal structure
different enzymes (rna polymerase)
no proteins bound to their genetic material
smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes
different mechanism for dna replication
what are the features of the archaea domain
similiar enzymes for synthesising dna (RNA polymerase)
similiar mechanisms for DNA replication
smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes
production of some proteins that bind to their dna
what is homology
the existence of shared features that are inherited from a common ancestor. The shared features may not be used for the same function
what is phylogeny
the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
what are the advantages of phylogeny
can be done without referring to Linnaean classification
produces a continuous tree whereas classification requires taxonomical groups
not as misleading
Linnaean doesn’t illustrate levels of diversity
What is the biological species concept?
The ability of 2 individuals to successfully produce viable, fertile offspring
What is the morphological species concept?
Whether individuals look similiar
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
How closely related individuals are evolutionary
What is the ecological species concept?
Whether the individual use/can use the same set of biological resources (whether or not they can occupy the same niche)
What were Darwin’s 4 main observations for his theory of evolution?
A) offspring genetically appear similiar to their parents (inheritance)
B) no 2 individuals were identical (genetic variation)
C) organisms have the ability to produce large amounts of offspring (competition & struggle for survival)
D) populations in nature tend to remain fairly stable in size (natural selection)
What were Wallace’s observations to contribute to the theory of evolution?
A) some organisms had advantageous adaptations evolved by natural selection
B) geographical boundaries often marked species boundaries
C) most of the individuals found in a habitat were best fitted for that environment