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A Level Biology > Module 4.2.1 Biodiversity - > Flashcards

Module 4.2.1 Biodiversity - Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

The part of the earth that contains all ecosystems

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2
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large region with the same plant life & climate

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The community & it’s environment (interdependence)

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

Populations that live together in a habitat

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5
Q

What is a population?

A

The number of individuals living in the same habitat

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6
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms in the world or a particular habitat

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8
Q

Should there be low or high biodiversity & why?

A

High because it’s desirable

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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of biodiversity?

A

Genetic
Species
Habitat

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10
Q

What is habitat diversity?

A

The number of different habitats in an area

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11
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The variation of alleles within a species

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12
Q

What is species diversity?

A

The number of different species (species richness) & the abundance of each species (species eveness) in an area

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13
Q

Why is habitat diversity important?

A

The more range of different habitats in an area, the more diverse it is

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14
Q

Why is it important to have genetic diversity?

A

Individuals of the same species have the same genes but different alleles, if diversity is low the species is more susceptible to changes in the environment & could be wiped out by a single event/disease

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15
Q

What is an allele

A

Different version of a gene

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16
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

When a gene has more than 1 allele (e.g. hair/eye colour, blood type)

17
Q

What is monomorphism?

A

When a gene has only one allele (most genes are monomorphic - ensures basic structure of a species is similar)

18
Q

What is locus?

A

Where on the chromosome the alleles are (scientists look at different loci & see how many genes are polymorphic)

19
Q

If a species has high genetic variety what will it have a greater proportion of?

A

Polymorphic gene loci

20
Q

What is the calculation for proportion of polymorphic gene loci?

A

Proportion of polymorphic gene loci = Number of polymorphic gene loci/ total number of loci

21
Q

What is species richness?

A

The higher the number of species = greater the species richness

22
Q

What is species evenness?

A

The more similar the population size of each species = greater species evenness

23
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Divide a field into a grid using a measuring tape & use a random number generator to select coordinates to take a sample

24
Q

What is an advantage of using random sampling?

A

The data is unbiased

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of using random sampling?

A

Doesn’t cover all areas equally & species with a low presence may be missed

26
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Samples taken from fixed intervals across the habitat often along a line using quadrats

27
Q

What is an advantage of using systematic sampling?

A

It’s useful when there’s a clear gradient in the environment

28
Q

What is a disadvantage of using systematic sampling?

A

Only species that are on the line/belt are recorded - underestimate

29
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Divide the habitats into areas which appear to be different & randomly sample each section separately

30
Q

What is opportunistic sampling?

A

Researchers take samples based on prior knowledge/during the process of collecting data (may sample an area they know contains a particular species)

31
Q

What is an advantage of using opportunistic sampling?

A

Easier & faster

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of using opportunistic sampling?

A

The data is biased

33
Q

How are plants sampled?

A

Using quadrats (frame/point) along a belt transect

34
Q

What are some ways animals are sampled?

A

Pooter (small insects)
Sweep nets (insects in vegetation)
Pitfall traps (crawling invertebrates on the ground)
Tree beating (invertebrates in tress/shrubs)
Kick sampling (organisms in the water)

35
Q

What is capture mark release recapture?

A

Researcher captures as many animals they can in a defined period of time, counts them & marks them (doesnt cause harm) & releases them to mix in the population. They’re captured again after a few weeks/days over the same time period & they count how many are marked

36
Q

What is an advantage of capture mark release recapture

A

Doesn’t hurt the animals

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of using capture mark release recapture?

A

There is assumptions that the animals didnt die/immigrate/migrate

38
Q

What is the formula for population size?

A

Number in the 1st sample x number in 2nd sample / number in the 2nd sample previously marked

A Level Biology (15 decks)

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