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PSY 230 > module 4 - substance abusing offenders > Flashcards

module 4 - substance abusing offenders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the oxford dictionary’s definition of a drug?

A

a substance that impacts the body in a physiological sense once ingested

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2
Q

what percent of Canadians accused of homicide were under the influence of an intoxicating substance at the time of the offence in 2013?

A

almost 75%

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3
Q

what percentage of physical assaults co-occurred with with drug-related offences? weapon related crimes?

A

physical assault: 29%

weapon-related crimes: 27%

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4
Q

what does the dopamine theory of reward and addictions state?

A

drugs stimulate the dopamine neurotransmitter system in the brain, which in turn causes direct pleasurable or euphoric sensations

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5
Q

what does the dopamine theory of reward and addiction underscore about brain function?

A

underscores how the brain physically changes in response to repeated drug use - namely in the areas of judgement, decision making, learning, memory, and behaviour control

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6
Q

what are some reasons that the dopamine theory of reward and addiction has been criticized?

A
  • not all drugs actually alter the brain’s dopamine neurotransmitter system
  • dopamine release leads to increased impulsivity, which in turn leads to addiction, rather than euphoria being the cause of addiction
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7
Q

which genetic traits can predict adolescent drug use? (4)

A
  • alienation
  • anger
  • interaction anxiety
  • lower self-regulation
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8
Q

what does the social learning perspective of drug addiction underscore?

A

individual choice; addiction is a rational choice in which individuals opt for short-term rewards in exchange for the long-term consequences of drug abuse

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9
Q

what does the self-medication model of drug abuse state?

A

individuals start using drugs to cope with stress and related negative outcomes associated with trauma and abuse

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10
Q

what types of crime is alcohol use linked to?

A

interpersonal conflicts such as assault and homicide

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11
Q

what types of crime is illicit drug use linked to?

A

instrumental violence such as robbery

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12
Q

what are the protective factors of substance abuse?

A
  • higher dopamine receptor availability, which may insulate individuals who are genetically at risk for developing alcoholism
  • the presence of self-regulation protects individuals against risky drinking & risky sexual behaviour
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13
Q

what objectives does the assessment process serve? (4)

A
  1. provide initial screening to determine if a more comprehensive and more costly assessment is required
  2. help motivate clients to enter into a treatment program
  3. describe the nature and extent of the problem to help focus treatment planning
  4. help evaluate treatment process and change outcomes
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14
Q

what seven components of substance abuse does the CASA measure?

A
  1. alcohol
  2. drug abuse severity
  3. patterns of use
  4. links to criminal behaviour
  5. parental substance abuse severity
  6. previous participation in programs
  7. treatment readiness
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15
Q

what are the 2 pieces of legislation governing alcohol and drug related crimes in canada?

A

the criminal code and the controlled drugs and substances act

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16
Q

what does the controlled drugs and substances act deal with?

A

deals with crimes related to the possession, production, trafficking, and importation of illicit drugs

17
Q

what does the criminal code deal with?

A

deals with crimes related to impaired driving and public intoxication

18
Q

what are the different types of substance abuse treatments? (5)

A
  • methadone maintenance programs
  • therapeutic communities
  • counselling boot camps
  • cognitive-behavioural models
  • motivational interviewing
19
Q

what are drug treatment courts intended for?

A

intended to provide an alternative to the traditional justice system

20
Q

what circumstances must be followed in order for drug treatment courts to be used? (4)

A
  • the accused committed a crime motivated by substance abuse
  • the crime was non-violent and not related to drug trafficking
  • the accused pleads guilty in a traditional court of law
  • the Crown prosecutor supports the alternative drug treatment court
21
Q

what are the objectives of drug treatment court? (2)

A
  • reduce crime committed as a result of crime dependency through court-monitored treatment snd community service support for offenders
  • reduce the cost of substance abuse on the Canadian economy
22
Q

what do offenders in the drug-court system participate in?

A

a structured outpatient program where they attend both individual and group counselling sessions, receive appropriate medical attention, and are tested randomly for drugs

23
Q

what happens when the offender conquers their addiction?

A

criminal charges are either stayed or the offender receives a non-custodial sentence

24
Q

what is methadone?

A

a long lasting, synthetic opioid that is administered orally

25
Q

how do methadone maintenance programs work? (4)

A
  • by suppressing opioid withdrawal symptoms
  • by reducing cravings for opioids
  • by preventing the intoxication that typically accompanies opioid use
  • by blocking the euphoric or sedative effects of other opioids
26
Q

what does motivational interviewing emphasize?

A

clinical empathy and explicit support for client autonomy

27
Q

what is the counsellor’s job in motivational interviewing?

A

discuss collaboratively with the client whether change would be worth making, rather than trying to explicitly convince the client that change is desirable

28
Q

what is the national substance abuse program (NSAP) designed for?

A

to help offenders alter their substance problems and criminal behaviours

29
Q

what are the techniques employed by NSAP directed at?

A

helping offenders better manage the situations that may trigger relapse into crime and/or substance abuse

30
Q

what are the 4 main types of the NSAP?

A
  • high intensity NSAP (NSAP-H)
  • moderate intensity NSAP (NSAP-M)
  • pre-release NSAP
  • community NSAP
31
Q

what is NSAP based on?

A

an integrated theoretical model that posits substance abuse problems occur for many reasons but can be explained by the principles of learning to some degree

32
Q

substance abuse vs dependence

A

abuse: high volume/frequency of consumption with associated negative personal, social, occupational, legal or other consequences
dependence: tolerance and withdrawal symptoms and associated lifestyle and behavioural features

PSY 230 (4 decks)

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