Module 4 - Skeletal System Flashcards
Describe the skeletal system and its functions.
The skeletal system is made out of bones. These serve to anchor the muscles, protect the organs, store minerals and create blood cells.
What are the five kinds of bones?
Long, flat, short, irregular, sesamoid
Describe and give some examples of long bones.
Long bones are long (duh) and thine and hold body weight and enable movement.
Ex: humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibia, metacarpuls, metatarsuls, femur
Describe and give examples of flat bones.
Flat bones are thin and flat. They do not have a diaphysis or epiphyses. They consist of thin plates of compact bone covered with periosteum surrounding spongy bone covered with endosteum.They function to protect the organs and to produce blood.
Ex: skull, pelvis, ribs, scapulae, vomer
Describe and give examples of short bones.
Short bones are small, cubital, and spongy inside. They do not have a diaphysis or epiphyses. They consist of thin plates of compact bone covered with periosteum surrounding spongy bone covered with endosteum.
Ex: carpals & tarsals.
Describe irregular bones and give some examples.
Irregular bones are irregular (Again, duh.) They do not have a diaphysis or epiphyses. They consist of thin plates of compact bone covered with periosteum surrounding spongy bone covered with endosteum.
The vertebra, hyoid and pubis are examples.
Describe and give examples of sesamoid bones.
Sesamoid bones are small and flat for the attachment of tendons. They actually develop inside tendons, usually where they cross joints.
Examples are the patella, pisiform
https: //www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/resources/etymology/Forearm_hand.htm
http: //www.examples10.com/e/sesamoid-bones/
Foramen, canal, fissure
Openings in bones to allow for nerves, blood supply or a passageway
Sinus
Hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air
Process, ramus
Elevation in a bone
Trochanter, tuberosity, tubercule, crest
line,spine
Process or projections for tendon or ligament attachment
Head, neck,condyl, trochlea, facet
Processes designed for articulation with adjacent bones
Fossa, sulcus
Depressions in bones
Describe the axial skeleton
The main trunk of the body.
Skull, vertebral column, sternum, laryngeal skeleton, rib cage
There are __ bones in the skull.
__ in the cranium and __ facial bones.
22
8
14
Describe fonanelles.
A fontanelle is a space between two cranial bones. It allows for compression of the skull during child birth, and expansion during growth. They begin to close around two months but don’t finish until around two years.
The large bones of the cranium have the same names as the lobes of the brain they cover. They are the ________ with covers the forehead, The two __________, which cover the top of the head, the __________, which covers the bottom back of the head.
Frontal
parietal,
occipital
Below the parietal, on each side of the skull, just above the ear is the __________. It has a hole to allow sound to enter the inner ear.
Temporal bone
The _____________ is under the temple on the side of your head, and forms the base of the eye sockets. Its name means wedge shaped.
Sphenoid
The ____________ lies between the eyes, and separates the nasal cavity from the brain.
ethmoid
Name the four fontanelles
Sphenoid, Posterior, Mastoid, Anterior
What are the bones of the skull?
The cranial bones are 1 frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, 1 occipital bone, 1 sphenoid bone, and 1 ethmoid bone.
The facial bones are 2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimal, 2 palantine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer, 2 zygomatic 2 maxilla, 1 mandible
