Module 4: Reproductive system

Question 1

What does the ovaries contain

Answer 1

• stromal matrix
• Follicles
• tunica albuginea
• surface epithelium

Question 2

What are the hormones involved in the repro system

Answer 2

•Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
•Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
•Luteinizing hormone (LH)
•Inhibin*
Sex hormones:
•Testosterone
•Estrogens and Progesterone

Question 3

What type of estrogen is most abundant and most responsible for estrogenic effects

Answer 3

Estradiol

Question 4

What are the three key differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Answer 4

•Production of oocytes only occurs in fetus
•In primary oocytes, meiosis is arrested in late prophase I and resumes years later
•In secondary oocytes, meiosis is arrested at metaphase II and is only completes if fertilisation occurs

Question 5

True/False

Primordial follicles have a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True/False

Primary follicles have a double layer of cuboidal pregranulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte.

Answer 6

False

Single layer of cuboidal pregranulosa cells

Question 7

True/False

Secondary follicles have multiple layers of granulosa cells surrounding a primary oocyte.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Describe the Vesicular follicles structure

Answer 8

Fluid-filled cavity called antrum.

Just before ovulation, the primary oocyte inside the vesicular follicle resumes meiosis and becomes a secondary oocyte.

Question 9

Apoptosis

Answer 9

Programmed cell death

Question 10

In which region of the fallopian tube does fertilisation take place

Answer 10

Ampulla

Question 11

In which region of the fallopian tube does sperm capacitation take place?

Answer 11

Isthmus

Question 12

Fill in the blanks:
High estrogen levels result in …. cilia beat frequency and smooth muscle … in fallopian tubes

Answer 12

• increased
• contraction

Question 13

True/False
High progesterone levels result in decrease cilia beat frequency and smooth muscle relaxation in the fallopian tubes.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True/False
The prostate gland produces 70% of fluid volume in the seminal fluid

Answer 14

False
25%

Question 15

True/False
Prostate gland produces proteases that fluidize the ejaculation

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True/False
Prostate gland produces mucus secretion that lubricates the gland penis

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True/False
Prostate gland produces fructose-rich secretion for energy production

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True/False
The corpus spongiosum is erectile tissue within the penis that becomes engorged with blood, allowing an erection to occur.

Answer 18

False
Corpora canvernosa only

Question 19

3 Common causes of female infertility

Answer 19

Tubal disease/blockage
Endometriosis
Premature ovarian failure
Hypothalamic disfunction

Question 20

Applying your knowledge of how gonadotropins act on follicle cells to regulate ovarian function, describe what you think a daily injection of FSH for 8 to 10 days, Followed by an injection of LH, might do in a treatment schedule for in vitro fertilisation

Answer 20

FSH is for growth of follicles [0.5 marks]; acts on granulosa cells to drive conversion of androgens to estrogens [0.5 marks] which drives proliferation of the granulosa cells [0.5 marks]; injection of LH provides LH surge [0.5 marks] that triggers resumption of meiosis which is required before the oocyte can be fertilised [0.5 marks] + 0.5 marks for clear understanding [3 marks totall