Module 4 - Religious Structures & Processes Flashcards
English Reformation
What are some of the main religions in the world?
Buddhism, Islam, Judaism and Christianity
What is a denomination?
A religious group that has slightly different beliefs from other groups that share the same religion.
What are the main Christian denominations?
Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant
What are some of the religious groups that came from Protestantism?
- Henry VIII: Anglican
- John Calvin: Calvinism
- Martin Luther: Lutheranism
What is the main difference between Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism?
Martin Luther believed that salvation is found through faith alone, while Roman Catholics believe that salvation is found through faith and words
Define Heresy
Teachings that go against those of the catholic doctrine
Define Indulgences
A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin. which could assist a person in entering heaven. It is normally a certain action that is completed
Define Protestant
A member or follower of any of the Western Christian Churches that separated from the Roman Catholic Church
Define Annulment
A declaration by a church tribunal that a marriage thought to be valid according to church law actually fell short of at least one of the essential elements required for a binding union.
What are the essential elements of a binding union?
- Free
- Faithful
- Fruitful
- Total
Define Schism
Refusing to follow the Pope or to be in community with the Church members under his authority.
What is the Catholic definition of Heresy
The stubborn refusal to accept a truth that must be believed in faith, especially after baptism.
How was the English Reformation a result of social issues?
- Discontent with the Catholic Church’s wealth and corruption - indulgences & clerical lifestyles, led to distrust.
- Henry VIII dissolved Catholic monasteries (1536 - 1541)
- Nationalised land and sold it to the gentry, which strengthened their loyalty to the monarchy.
- Encouraged increased literacy and the use of the printing press, allowing Protestantism to spread more rapidly.
How was the English Reformation a result of political issues?
- Political motives rather than religious doctrine.
- Henry VIII’s desire to annul his marriage to Catherine led to a conflict with the pope, who refused the annulment due to pressure from, Charles V.
- Henry rejected papal authority and declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
- This allowed him to seize monastic lands, increasing royal power.
- Elizabeth, I continued this shift by enforcing Protestantism and suppressing Catholicism.
How was the English Reformation a result of theological differences?
- Resulted in major theological changes, led by figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin who challenged Catholic authority.
- William Tyndale advocated for Bible translations into English, reducing the Church’s control.
- Under Edward VI, Protestant beliefs gained traction, rejecting transubstantiation and allowing clerical marriage.
- Archbishop Thomas Cranmer introduced the ‘Book of Common Prayer,’ altering the Rite of Ordination and invalidating the Anglican priesthood.
- These reforms were enforced by law, solidifying Protestantism in England by the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
How do Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism differ?
They differ in beliefs, practices, leadership, culture, and biblical interpretation.
What are some Roman Catholic beliefs?
Catholics believe the Eucharist involves transubstantiation, where bread and wine become the real body and blood of Christ.
They teach that Mary remained a virgin, and that marriage is only between a man and a woman, with same-sex attraction calls to chastity.
What are examples of Roman Catholic practices?
Catholicism recognizes seven sacraments, while Anglicanism acknowledges five.
Catholics pray to God and seek the intercession of Mary and the saints,
What examples of Roman Catholic leadership?
The Pope is the Church’s head. Priests must be male and celibate
What are examples of Roman Catholic culture
The faith emphasizes family, often seen as a mother and father united in marriage.
What is the Roman Catholic interpretation of the bible?
The interpretation of the Bible is influenced by the concept of transubstantiation during the Eucharist, a doctrine that signifies the transformation of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus.
What are examples of Anglicanism beliefs?
Anglicans view the Eucharist as either the literal body and blood of Jesus or a symbolic representation.
They believe Mary and Joseph had children after Jesus, recognized as his siblings.
What are examples of Anglicanism practices?
Anglicans celebrate Baptism and Eucharist, acknowledging two fewer sacraments than Catholics, and pray solely to God in the Trinity.
In 2020, the Anglican Church permitted blessings for same-sex couples.
What are examples of Anglicanism leadership
Leadership is decentralized, with the Archbishop of Canterbury as the leader.
Anglican priests can marry and include women
What are examples of Anglicanism culture?
Their culture encompasses worship, sacraments, and a strong commitment to Scripture and the gospel.
How do Anglicists interpret the bible?
Unlike Catholics, Anglicans interpret the Eucharist symbolically, moving away from the idea of Transubstantiation.
What is Ecumenism?
Ecumenism is the movement focused on fostering Christian unity and cooperation, aiming to restore the sense of the early Church while addressing modern pluralism.
What does Ecumenism involve?
It involves reassessing the historical foundation of the One, holy, catholic, and Apostolic Church
What does the Second Vatican Council say about Ecumenism?
The Second Vatican Council stresses the importance of this unity, affirming that divisions among Christians contradict Jesus’ intentions and hinder the Gospel mission.
Through grace, God inspires a movement towards unity.
How do believers of the church feel about Ecumenism?
Many believers see their Church as part of a larger body, sharing a common desire for a united Church dedicated to spreading the Gospel.
What does the Second Vatican Council encourage?
The Council encourages Catholics to actively engage in efforts for Christian unity and offers guidance for responding to this divine call.
Outline two reasons why divisions exist in religion.
- Due to different historical experiences, political and social developments, as well as ethnic composition.
- When different groups within a larger faith develop distinct interpretations of doctrine, practices or leadership practices.
