Module 4 Pharmacology Flashcards
Releaser, except
A. Tyramine
B. Ephedrine
C. Angiotensin II
D. Aldosterone
Aldosterone
The metal which is the causative agent of Minamata’s disease wherein the villagers manifested CNS toxicity
A. Lead
B. Mercury
C. Arsenic
D. Platinum
Mercury
Noyes-Whittney equation determines
A. Particle size measurement
B. Actual drug solubility
C. Dissolution constant
D. Dissolution rate
Dissolution rate
Major pathway for elimination of many drugs and metabolites from the body
A. Tears
B. Sweat
C. Urine
D. Feces
Urine
What is the common undesirable effect of methyldopa
A. Vertigo
B. Depression
C. Sedation
D. Hemolytic anemia
Sedation
Creatinine clearance is used as a measure of
A. Renal excretion
B. Glomerular filtration rate
C. Active tubular secretion
D. Passive tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration rate
Difference in bioavailability aren most frequently observed with drugs administered by which of the following route
A. Subcutaneous
B. Intravenous
C. Oral
D. Sublingual
Oral
The intensity of pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependent on the
A. Concentration of the drug at the receptor site
B. Elimination half-life of the drug
C. Onset time of the drug after oral administration
D. Minimum effective concentration of drug in the plasma
Concentration the drug at the receptor site
Target proteins to which a drug molecule can bind are
A. Receptors
B. Ion channel
C. Carrier
D. All of the above
All of the above
Which tissue has the greatest capacity to biotransform drugs
A. Brain
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Lungs
Liver
The biological half-life of a drug
A. Is a constant physical property of a drug
B. Is a constant chemical property of a drug
C. Is the time for one half of the therapeutic activity to be lost
D. Depends entirely on the route of administration
Is the time for one half of the therapeutic activity to be lost
Main mechanism of most drug absorption in the GIT is
A. Active transport
B. Filtration
C. Endocytosis
D. Passive diffusion
Passive diffusion
Which if the following factors influence renal clearance
A. Age
B. Disease
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
Both a and b
What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through the blood brain barrier
A. High lipid solubility
B. Meningitis
C. Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
D. High endocytosis degree in the brain capillary
Absence of pore in the brain capillary endothelium
Also known as drug delivery system
A. Drug distribution
B. Drug liberation
C. Drug administration
D. Dosage form
Dosage form
A decrease in the therapeutic index of a drug
A. Increases the potential of a drug to become toxic
B. Increases the efficacy of a drug
C. Decrease the lethality of a drug
D. All of the above
Increases the potential of a drug to become toxic
For the calculation of the volume of distribution one must take account of
A. Concentration of substance in the plasma
B. Concentration of substance in the urine
C. Therapeutic index of the drug action
D. Daily dose of drug
Concentration of substance in the plasma
An inactive (or much less active) substance which biotransformed to active drug in the body
A. Dosage form
B. Modified release
C. Drug product
D. Prodrug
Prodrug
Biotransformation of medicinal substance results in
A. Faster urinary excretion
B. Slower urinary excretion
C. Easier distribution
D. Higher binding to membrane
Faster urinary excretion
During ovulation, peak plasma concentration of which of the following hormone(s) will be reached
I. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
II. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
III. Progesterone
A. I only
B. III only
C. I & II only
D. II & III only
I & II only
Half -life doesn’t depend on
A. Biotransformation
B. Time of drug absorption
C. Concentration drug in the plasma
D. Rate of drug elimination
Time of drug absorption
Elimination is expressed as follow
A. Rate of renal tubular reabsorption
B. Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance
C. Time required to decrease the amount of drug in the plasma by one-half
D. Clearance of an organism from xenobiotic
Clearance of an organism from xenobiotic
Stimulation of beta-adrenereceptor involves generation of secondary messenger known as
A. IP3
B. cGMP
C. DAG
D. cAMP
cAMP
Toxins found in castor bean plant
A. Pyrethrin
B. Ergometrine
C. Ricin
D. Uroshiol
Ricin
Elimination rate constant is defined by which of the following parameter
A. Rate of absorption
B. Maximal concentration of a substance in plasma
C. Highest single dose
D. Half-life
Half-life
A type of absorption mechanism which is characterized by engulfing vesicle
A. Convective transport
B. Pinocytosis
C. Ion-pair transport
D. Passive diffusion
Pinocytosis
Alteration of protein synthesis such as disruption of membrane protein channel and interference on signaling and loss of enzyme function is an example of which mechanism
A. Lipid peroxidation
B. Target molecule dysfunction
C. Non targeted toxicity
D. Formation of neoantigen
Target molecule dysfunction
Which of the following is a phase II drug metabolizing reaction
A. Acetylation
B. Hydrolysis
C. Reduction
D. Deamination
Acetylation
A physical process by which a weak acid becomes less water soluble and more lipid soluble at low pH
A. Distribution
B. First Pass
C. Protonation
D. Elimination
Protonation
An absorption process is not involved when a drug by which one of the following route of administration
A. Oral
B. Intravenous
C. Intramuscular
D. Rectal
Intravenous
Regarding termination of drug action, which of the following statements is true
A. Drug must be excreted from the body to eliminate the action
B. Metabolism of drug always abolishes their pharmacologic activity
C. Metabolism of drug always increases their water solubility
D. Hepatic metabolism and renal excretion are two of the most important mechanism involved
Hepatic metabolism and renal excretion are two of the most important mechanism involved
The term “biological availability” or “bioavailability” refers to the relative amount of drug that reaches the
A. Small intestine
B. Stomach
C. Systemic circulation
D. Liver
Systemic circulation
The AUC can be described as being a
I. Theoretic value
II. Measure of drug concentration-time curve
III. Value with units of weigh and time/volume
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II & III
I, II & III
The “F” value for a drug product is ideally compared to its
A. Absolute bioavailability
B. Dosing rate
C. Clearance rate
D. Relative bioavailability
Absolute bioavailability
The biological half-life of a drug that is eliminated by first order kinetics is represented mathematically by
A. 1/k
B. Log k
C. 0.693/k
D. 2.303 / k
0.693/k
The following beta-blocker have local anesthetic activity
I. Pindolol
II. Carvedilol
III. Metoprolol
IV. Esmolol
A. I , II
B. II, III
C. I, III
D. I, IV
I, III
Difference in bioavailability are most frequently observed with drugs administered by which of the following route
A. Subcutaneous
B. Intravenous
C. Oral
D. Sublingual
Oral
Two different oral formulations containing the same dose of the same drug having equal areas under their respective serum concentration – time curve
A. Deliver the same total amount of drug to the body and are therefore bioequivalent
B. Deliver the same total amount of drug to the body but are not necessarily bioequivalent
C. Are bioequivalent
D. Bioequivalent if they both meet the USP disintegration standard
Deliver the same total amount of drug to the body but are not necessarily bioequivalent
If an oral capsule formulation of drug A produces a serum concentration – time curve having the same area under the curve as that produced by an equivalent dose of drug A given IV, it can generally be conducted that
A. The IV route is preferred over the oral route
B. Capsule formulation is essentially completely absorbed
C. The drug is very rapidly absorbed
D. All oral dosage forms of drug A will be bioequivalent
Capsule formulation is essentially completely absorbed
Gastric emptying time is slowed by all of the following, except
A. Vigorous exercise
B. Fatty food
C. Hot meals
D. Hunger
Hunger
The following are indirect acting cholinergic agonist, except
A. Metacholine
B. Edrophonium
C. Physostigmine
D. Echotiophate
Metacholine
Assuming complete absorption and elimination half-life of 4 hours, how many mg of a drug will remain in the body 12 hours after administering 400 mg dose? Assume linear pharmacokinetic
A. 10
B. 25
C. 50
D. 100
50
Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameter is/are likely to decrease in geriatric population when compared to the average population
I. Renal elimination
II. Drug metabolism
III. Volume of distribution
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II & III
I, II & III
Drugs having an affinity at Beta receptor include which of the following
I. Epinephrine
II. Propranolol
III. Dobutamine
IV. Cocaine
A. I, II, III, IV
B. I, II, III
C. II, III
D. I, III, V
I, II, III
Nicardipine is indicated for the treatment
I. Angina pectoris
II. Hypertension
III. Ventricular tachycardia
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II, & III
I & II
Which of the following is/are true of fentanyl
A. Available as a transdermal system
B. Used as local anesthetic
C. May be used as a cough suppressant
D. All of the above
Available as a transdermal system
Colestipol HCl can be classified as
A. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
B. Vasopressor
C. ACE Inhibitor
D. Bile acid sequestrant
Bile acid sequestrant
Which of the following is an indication of Sumatriptan
A. Partial seizure
B. Arthritic pain
C. Tachycardia
D. Migraine
Migraine
All of the following drugs are believed to undergo significant first-pass hepatic biotransformation, except
A. Lidocaine
B. Morphine
C. Nitroglycerin
D. Phenytoin
Phenytoin
Which of the following hormone is released from the posterior pituitary glands
A. Growth hormone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. All of the above
Oxytocin
Most antipsychotic drugs can be said to have which of the following actions
A. Cholinergic
B. Dopaminergic
C. COMT inhibition
D. Dopamine inhibition
Dopamine inhibition
DOC for the treatment of SIADH
A. Vasopressin
B. Methotrexate
C. Vancomycin
D. Demeclocycline
Demeclocycline
Which one of the following equation would have enables the pharmacist to estimate the creatinine clearance in the previous patient
A. Cockroft – Gault
B. Harris – Benedict
C. Henderson – Hasselbalch
D. Loo Riegelman
Cockroft – Gault
Clonidine may best be described as a (an)
A. Alpha adrenergic blocker
B. Beta adrenergic blocker
C. MAO inhibitor
D. Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Selegeline can best be described as (an)
A. MAO inhibitor
B. Anticholinergic
C. COMT inhibitor
D. Anticonvulsant
MAO inhibitor
A common adverse effect associated with chronic use of magnesium antacid is
A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Gastrointestinal bleeding
C. Constipation
D. Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Propylthiouracil is used for the same therapeutic indication as
A. Methoxsalen
B. Danazol
C. Omeprazole
D. Methimazole
Methimazole
Which of the following is not classified as an amide type of local anesthetic
A. Prilocaine
B. Bupivacaine
C. Lidocaine
D. Procaine
Procaine
Which of the following is a COMT inhibitor
A. Selegiline
B. Carbidopa
C. Disulfiram
D. Tolcapone
Tolcapone
Endorphins are
A. Endogenous neurotransmitter
B. A new class of topical anti-inflammatory agents
C. Neuromuscular blocking agent
D. Endogenous opioid peptide
Endogenous opioid peptide
Prednisone is an agent that is employed in the treatment of
I. Fungal infection
II. Crohn’s disease
III. Rheumatic disorder
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. All of the above
II & III
Which of the following are active metabolite of primidone
I. Acetylcholine
II. Phenylethylmalonamide
III. Phenobarbital
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II & III
II & III
Which of the following is an example of pure narcotic antagonist
A. Butorphanol
B. Buprenorphine
C. Nalbuphine
D. Naltrexone
Naltrexone
Nerves in the human body that transmits their impulse by releasing acetylcholine are known as _____ nerve
A. Adrenergic
B. Cholinergic
C. Sympathetic
D. Anticholinergic
Cholinergic
An antihistamine that can be used to treat acute dystonia caused by antipsychotic belongs to which group
A. Piperazine
B. Ethylenediamine
C. Ethanolamine
D. Phenothiazine
Ethanolamine
Vidarabine is an antiviral agent indicated for the treatment of
A. Rubella
B. AIDS
C. Influenza
D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
Herpes simplex encephalitis
Which one of the following barbiturates is likely to be shortest acting
A. Amobarbital sodium
B. Methohexital sodium
C. Pentobarbital sodium
D. Mephobarbital
Methohexital sodium
Ganglionic blocker that were used as antihypertensive drugs
A. Mecamylamine
B. Trimethaphan
C. Hemicholinium
D. A & B
A & B
Which of the following agents is indicated for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
A. Misoprostol
B. Ritodrine
C. Mesalamine
D. Metoclopramide
Mesalamine
Which of the following statements regarding therapeutic window is correct
A. The ratio of LD50 and ED50
B. The dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
The dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration and the minimum
toxic concentration
Zafirlukast is a drug that can best be classified as
A. Leukocyte stimulant
B. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
D. Leukotriene formation inhibitor
Leukotriene formation inhibitor
An agent that would be most likely to cause drug induced bronchospasm
A. Cromolyn
B. Benazepril
C. Isoproterenol
D. Sotalol
Sotalol
Which one of the following drugs is most likely to be of any value in the management of cocaine overdose
A. Dantrolene
B. Diazepam
C. Methyldopa
D. Naltrexone
Naltrexone
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder that would most logically be treated with
A. Entacapone
B. Prednisone
C. Liothyronine
d. Dihydrotachysterol
Dihydrotachysterol
Deferoxamine mesylate is considered to be a specific antidote for the treatment of poisoning caused by
A. Anticholinergic
B. Heavy metal
C. Benzodiazepine
D. Iron-containing product
Iron-containing product
Which of the following statement is true in relation to “drug toxicity” and “poisoning”
A. The two terms are synonymous
B. When a toxic effect requires specific treatment, it is called poisoning
C. A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning
D. Toxicity is caused by drugs while poisoning is caused by other harmful chemicals
A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning
Reduction of heavy metal toxicity by dimercaprol is an example of
A. Chemical antagonist
B. Physiological antagonist
C. Pharmacokinetic antagonist
D. Antagonism by receptor blocking
Chemical antagonist
Which of the following drugs are known to cause toxic cataract
A. Chloroquine
B. Ergot
C. Phenothiazine
D. Naphthalene
Naphthalene
When used as monotherapy, a major toxicity of gemfibrozil is increased risk of
A. Bloating and constipation
B. Cholelithiasis
C. Hyperuricemia
D. Liver damage
Cholelithiasis
The consumption of shellfish harvested during a “red tide” is not recommended because it may contain
A. Arsenic
B. Cyanide
C. Botulinum toxin
D. Saxitoxin
Saxitoxin
Toxicities of local anesthetic do not include
A. Cardiovascular arrhythmia (Bupivacaine)
B. Convulsion (Lidocaine)
C. Dizziness, sedation (Lidocaine)
D. Hypertensive emergencies, stroke (Procaine)
Hypertensive emergencies, stroke (Procaine)
An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department with a history of an unknown drug overdose. Which of the following action should the physician perform
A. Administer 50mL of 50% dextrose, thiamine 100mg IV push and naloxone 0.8mg IV push
B. Protect the patient’s airway and ensure that vital signs are stable and perform gastric lavage
C. Order the following laboratory test: CBC, electrolyte and a toxicology screen
D. All of the above
All of the above
An overdose victim presents to the emergency department with an elevated heart rate, decrease blood pressure, dilated pupils and lethargy. Upon arrival to the ICU, she had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that is treated with IV diazepam and forsphenytoin. Which of the following is the most likely intoxicant
A. Ethyl alcohol
B. Methanol
C. Acetaminophen
D. Amitryptyline
Amitryptyline
British Anti-Lewisite is used to counter the toxic effects of
A. Atropine
B. Mercury
C. Morphine
D. Barbiturates
Mercury
Antidote for malathion poisoning
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Nalorphine
D. Pralidoxine
Pralidoxine
The toxicity of methanol is due to its conversion in the body to
A. Acetaldehyde
B. Formic acid and formaldehyde
C. Ethyl alcohol
D. Carbonic acid
Formic acid and formaldehyde
Neostigmine is beneficial in cobra envenomation because
A. It binds to and inactivates cobra toxin
B. It reverses coma due to cobra toxin
C. It counteracts the cardio-depressant action of cobra toxin
D. It antagonizes the paralyzing action of cobra
It antagonizes the paralyzing action of cobra
Which of the following drugs have been found to reduce alcohol craving and chances of resumed heavy drinking by alcoholics after they have undergone detoxification program
A. Chlordiazepoxide
B. Chlorpromazine
C. Methadone
D. Naltrexone
Naltrexone
Infusion of potassium chloride is indicated in digitalis toxicity when the manifestations are
A. Vomiting, hyperapnoea, and visual disturbance
B. Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate of 110 bpm in a patient on maintenance digoxin therapy
C. Ventricular tachycardia in a child who has accidentally ingested 10 digoxin tablets
D. 2:1 AV block with occasional ventricular extrasystole
Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate of 110 bpm in a patient on maintenance digoxin therapy
Which of the following is the most suitable antiarrhythmic drug for counteracting ventricular extrasystole due to digoxin toxicity
A. Lidocaine
B. Quinidine
C. Verapamil
D. Amiodarone
Lidocaine
Methanol is toxic to optic nerve because
A. Methanol itself
B. Oxidative metabolite of methanol
C. Conjugated product of methanol
D. Idiosyncratic reaction
Oxidative metabolite of methanol
Botulinum toxin causes muscle palsy by blocking
A. Nerve action potential
B. Acetylcholine release
C. Permeation to sodium and potassium
D. Muscle action potential
Acetylcholine release
Lithium toxicity is may manifest as
A. Polyuria
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Renal caliculi
D. Acute renal failure
Polyuria
Which of the following opioid antagonist is used as an adjunct to prevent relapse in addicts following detoxification because of its long half-life
A. Nalorphine
B. Naloxone
C. Naltrexone
D. All of the above
Naltrexone
Which of the following is used for methanol poisoning
A. Disulfiram
B. Naltrexone
C. Ethanol
D. None of the above
Ethanol
Which of the following could be used as an antidote to curare poisoning
A. Neostigmine
B. Atropine
C. Homatropjne
D. Hexamethonium
Neostigmine
The mechanism explaining the clinical picture observed in carbon monoxide poisoning is
A. Hemolysis of red blood cell
B. A chemical union of the carbon monoxide with the hemoglobin of the red blood cell
C. Transformation of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Arrest of oxidation in the tissue by enzyme
A chemical union of the carbon monoxide with the hemoglobin of the red blood cell
Nalorphine is not used as antidote for
A. Morphine
B. Pethidine
C. Pentazocine
D. Heroin
Pentazocine
The greatest threat from morphine poisoning is
A. Renal shutdown
B. Paralysis of the spinal cord
C. Respiratory depression
D. Cardiovascular collapse
Respiratory depression
Ethylenediamine-tetracetic acid is an antidote for which of the following
A. Sodium secobarbital
B. Aspirin
C. Phosphorus
D. Lead
Lead
