Module 4 Organisation of Living Things

Question 1

What is an unicellular organism

Answer 1

Organism that only have one cell and carries out function necessary to maintain life. eg. Bacteria

Question 2

What is a colonial organism

Answer 2

A group of identical single-celled organisms. eg. Jellyfish

Question 3

what is a multicellular organisms

Answer 3

Organisms that is composed of many cells. eg. human

Question 4

What are the four tissues that make up an animal

Answer 4

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissues

Question 5

What are three organs system of a plant

Answer 5

Shoot system
Root system
vascular system

Question 6

What is the steps for structural organisation of multicellular organisms

Answer 6

1) Organelles (mitochondria)
2) Cells (cardiac muscle cells)
3) Tissues (cardiac muscle tissues)
4) Organs (heart)
5) Organ system (cardiovascular system)
6) Organism (human)

Question 7

What is autotrophic

Answer 7

Uses sunlight to move their own food, photosynthesis

Question 8

what is heterotrophic

Answer 8

Eat other organisms in order to gain energy

Question 9

What are roots

Answer 9

Structures in plants for absorbing water and inorganic minerals

Question 10

What are the types of roots

Answer 10

Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Aerial roots

Question 11

What is a tap root

Answer 11

A main root which side roots emerge. eg. carrots

Question 12

What is a fibrous root

Answer 12

Network of roots close to the soils surface, and spreads out wide and anchor the plant for support.

Question 13

What is an aerial root

Answer 13

Root that grows above ground. They may support the plant and help plant in gas exchange in water logged conditions.

Question 14

What is the epidermis

Answer 14

The protective outer layer of the root

Question 15

What is the cortex

Answer 15

Storage area of food and air space for gas circulation in a root

Question 16

What is the vascular tissues

Answer 16

Cylinder at the centre of root

Question 17

What is the root cap

Answer 17

The extension of the outer layer of the root and provide a large SA for absorption of water and ions.

Question 18

What is the xylem

Answer 18

The vessel that transport water and mineral ion form root to leaves. It is passive transport.

Question 19

What is the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory

Answer 19

Explains the process of water flow upwards (against the force of gravity) through the xylem of plants. … It also allows plants to draw water from the root through the xylem to the leaf. Water is constantly lost through transpiration from the leaf.

Question 20

What is the phloem

Answer 20

The vessel that transport sugar and other manufactured product up and down the stem. It is active transport.

Question 21

What is the source-path-sink thoery

Answer 21

Sinks are areas in need of nutrients, such as growing tissues. When they are low in supply, storage areas such as the roots and stems cane function as sinks. The contents of the phloem tubes flow from the sources to these sinks, where the sugar molecules are taken out of the phloem by active transport.

Question 22

What is the stomata

Answer 22

Pores in the leaves that open and closes and exchange gas by diffusion and water is lost through this.

Question 23

What is the guard cell

Answer 23

Controls the opening and the closing of the stomates.

Question 24

How does gas exchange in animals work

Answer 24

The gas in the lung is supplied to the alveoli which consist of thin-walled capillaries where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur to move the gas.

Question 25

What is the two types of digestions

Answer 25

Mechanical digestions | Chemical digestions

Question 26

What is mechanical digestions

Answer 26

Physical breakdown of food particles (chewing)

Question 27

What is chemical digestions

Answer 27

Digestions using enzymes to breakdown complex molecules into simpler forms.

Question 28

What is the role of the teeth

Answer 28

To break down food pieces into smaller surface areas to help the enzymes work faster

Question 29

What is the role of the oesophagus (digestions)

Answer 29

To push down food.

Question 30

What is the role of the stomach

Answer 30

The stomach contain gastric enzymes that are mixed with the food to split proteins into amino acid and breaks down food into smaller forms.

Question 31

What is the role of the small intestine

Answer 31

To absorb nutrients from the villi which provides a large surface area for quick absorption.

Question 32

What is the role of the large intestine

Answer 32

To absorbe dissolved mineral salts and vitamins.

Question 33

How to identify the xylem and the phloem

Answer 33

The xylem has dead cells within them and the phloem has companion cells as well as sieve plants within them.

Question 34

What is lymph

Answer 34

A colourless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes and tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the blood stream.

Question 35

What is the open circulatory system

Answer 35

It pumps a fluid called hemolymph and the fluid moves back to the heart in the spaces surrounding the organs. This system is common in smaller animals and invertebrates.

Question 36

Benefits of the open circulatory system

Answer 36

Less energy is required Suited to animals with slower metabolism Body temperature is controlled better

Question 37

What is the closed circulatory system

Answer 37

Heart and blood vessels carrying the blood and dissolved materials around the body. Gases exchanges during respiration and it circulates around the body continuously

Question 38

What is the role of the plasma

Answer 38

It carries plasma protein which acts as a clotting factors, immunoglobulins, albumen and enzymes. It also carries nutrients and oxygen as well as waste products.

Question 39

What is the role of the red blood cell

Answer 39

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body from and to the heart.

Question 40

What is the role of the white blood cell

Answer 40

Function as a immune system as a defence of the body against invading foreign bodies.

Question 41

What is the role of the platelets

Answer 41

Clotting blood that stop the bleeding. They do this by sticking to each other and to the fibres that develops at the site of the wound when the air is exposed

Question 42

Characteristics of the arteries

Answer 42

Thick walled, high pressure a elastic which allows the vessels to expand and recoil with each heart beat and maintains the pressure on the blood, sending it in spurts towards the body tissues.

Question 43

Characteristics of the capillaries

Answer 43

Walls are one cell thick and surrounds the body's cells . They provide large surface area for the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells

Question 44

Characteristics of the vein

Answer 44

Thin wall and less pressure. Blood is kept moving by one-way valves within the vein and by muscles pressing on the vein

Question 45

Characteristics of the hear

Answer 45

It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle which it pumps to the lung. The oxygenated blood from the lungs is received form the left atrium to the left ventricles.

Question 46

What are the two circulatory system of the hear

Answer 46

Systemic | Pulmonary

Question 47

Function of the systemic system

Answer 47

Pumps oxygenated blood to all part of the body and returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart. Oxygenated → deoxygenated

Question 48

Function of the pulmonary system

Answer 48

Pathways of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Deoxygenated → oxygenated