Module 4 Organisation of Living Things Flashcards
What is an unicellular organism
Organism that only have one cell and carries out function necessary to maintain life. eg. Bacteria
What is a colonial organism
A group of identical single-celled organisms. eg. Jellyfish
what is a multicellular organisms
Organisms that is composed of many cells. eg. human
What are the four tissues that make up an animal
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissues
What are three organs system of a plant
Shoot system
Root system
vascular system
What is the steps for structural organisation of multicellular organisms
1) Organelles (mitochondria)
2) Cells (cardiac muscle cells)
3) Tissues (cardiac muscle tissues)
4) Organs (heart)
5) Organ system (cardiovascular system)
6) Organism (human)
What is autotrophic
Uses sunlight to move their own food, photosynthesis
what is heterotrophic
Eat other organisms in order to gain energy
What are roots
Structures in plants for absorbing water and inorganic minerals
What are the types of roots
Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Aerial roots
What is a tap root
A main root which side roots emerge. eg. carrots
What is a fibrous root
Network of roots close to the soils surface, and spreads out wide and anchor the plant for support.
What is an aerial root
Root that grows above ground. They may support the plant and help plant in gas exchange in water logged conditions.
What is the epidermis
The protective outer layer of the root
What is the cortex
Storage area of food and air space for gas circulation in a root
What is the vascular tissues
Cylinder at the centre of root
What is the root cap
The extension of the outer layer of the root and provide a large SA for absorption of water and ions.
What is the xylem
The vessel that transport water and mineral ion form root to leaves. It is passive transport.
What is the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory
Explains the process of water flow upwards (against the force of gravity) through the xylem of plants. … It also allows plants to draw water from the root through the xylem to the leaf. Water is constantly lost through transpiration from the leaf.
What is the phloem
The vessel that transport sugar and other manufactured product up and down the stem. It is active transport.
What is the source-path-sink thoery
Sinks are areas in need of nutrients, such as growing tissues. When they are low in supply, storage areas such as the roots and stems cane function as sinks. The contents of the phloem tubes flow from the sources to these sinks, where the sugar molecules are taken out of the phloem by active transport.
What is the stomata
Pores in the leaves that open and closes and exchange gas by diffusion and water is lost through this.
What is the guard cell
Controls the opening and the closing of the stomates.
How does gas exchange in animals work
The gas in the lung is supplied to the alveoli which consist of thin-walled capillaries where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur to move the gas.
What is the two types of digestions
Mechanical digestions
Chemical digestions
What is mechanical digestions
Physical breakdown of food particles (chewing)
What is chemical digestions
Digestions using enzymes to breakdown complex molecules into simpler forms.
What is the role of the teeth
To break down food pieces into smaller surface areas to help the enzymes work faster
What is the role of the oesophagus (digestions)
To push down food.
What is the role of the stomach
The stomach contain gastric enzymes that are mixed with the food to split proteins into amino acid and breaks down food into smaller forms.
What is the role of the small intestine
To absorb nutrients from the villi which provides a large surface area for quick absorption.
What is the role of the large intestine
To absorbe dissolved mineral salts and vitamins.
How to identify the xylem and the phloem
The xylem has dead cells within them and the phloem has companion cells as well as sieve plants within them.
What is lymph
A colourless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes and tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the blood stream.
What is the open circulatory system
It pumps a fluid called hemolymph and the fluid moves back to the heart in the spaces surrounding the organs. This system is common in smaller animals and invertebrates.
Benefits of the open circulatory system
Less energy is required
Suited to animals with slower metabolism
Body temperature is controlled better
What is the closed circulatory system
Heart and blood vessels carrying the blood and dissolved materials around the body. Gases exchanges during respiration and it circulates around the body continuously
What is the role of the plasma
It carries plasma protein which acts as a clotting factors, immunoglobulins, albumen and enzymes. It also carries nutrients and oxygen as well as waste products.
What is the role of the red blood cell
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body from and to the heart.
What is the role of the white blood cell
Function as a immune system as a defence of the body against invading foreign bodies.
What is the role of the platelets
Clotting blood that stop the bleeding. They do this by sticking to each other and to the fibres that develops at the site of the wound when the air is exposed
Characteristics of the arteries
Thick walled, high pressure a elastic which allows the vessels to expand and recoil with each heart beat and maintains the pressure on the blood, sending it in spurts towards the body tissues.
Characteristics of the capillaries
Walls are one cell thick and surrounds the body’s cells . They provide large surface area for the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells
Characteristics of the vein
Thin wall and less pressure. Blood is kept moving by one-way valves within the vein and by muscles pressing on the vein
Characteristics of the hear
It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle which it pumps to the lung. The oxygenated blood from the lungs is received form the left atrium to the left ventricles.
What are the two circulatory system of the hear
Systemic
Pulmonary
Function of the systemic system
Pumps oxygenated blood to all part of the body and returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Oxygenated → deoxygenated
Function of the pulmonary system
Pathways of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Deoxygenated → oxygenated
