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Biology Year11 > Module 4 Organisation of Living Things > Flashcards

Module 4 Organisation of Living Things Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an unicellular organism

A

Organism that only have one cell and carries out function necessary to maintain life. eg. Bacteria

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2
Q

What is a colonial organism

A

A group of identical single-celled organisms. eg. Jellyfish

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3
Q

what is a multicellular organisms

A

Organisms that is composed of many cells. eg. human

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4
Q

What are the four tissues that make up an animal

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissues

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5
Q

What are three organs system of a plant

A

Shoot system
Root system
vascular system

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6
Q

What is the steps for structural organisation of multicellular organisms

A

1) Organelles (mitochondria)
2) Cells (cardiac muscle cells)
3) Tissues (cardiac muscle tissues)
4) Organs (heart)
5) Organ system (cardiovascular system)
6) Organism (human)

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7
Q

What is autotrophic

A

Uses sunlight to move their own food, photosynthesis

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8
Q

what is heterotrophic

A

Eat other organisms in order to gain energy

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9
Q

What are roots

A

Structures in plants for absorbing water and inorganic minerals

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10
Q

What are the types of roots

A

Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Aerial roots

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11
Q

What is a tap root

A

A main root which side roots emerge. eg. carrots

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12
Q

What is a fibrous root

A

Network of roots close to the soils surface, and spreads out wide and anchor the plant for support.

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13
Q

What is an aerial root

A

Root that grows above ground. They may support the plant and help plant in gas exchange in water logged conditions.

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14
Q

What is the epidermis

A

The protective outer layer of the root

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15
Q

What is the cortex

A

Storage area of food and air space for gas circulation in a root

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16
Q

What is the vascular tissues

A

Cylinder at the centre of root

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17
Q

What is the root cap

A

The extension of the outer layer of the root and provide a large SA for absorption of water and ions.

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18
Q

What is the xylem

A

The vessel that transport water and mineral ion form root to leaves. It is passive transport.

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19
Q

What is the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory

A

Explains the process of water flow upwards (against the force of gravity) through the xylem of plants. … It also allows plants to draw water from the root through the xylem to the leaf. Water is constantly lost through transpiration from the leaf.

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20
Q

What is the phloem

A

The vessel that transport sugar and other manufactured product up and down the stem. It is active transport.

21
Q

What is the source-path-sink thoery

A

Sinks are areas in need of nutrients, such as growing tissues. When they are low in supply, storage areas such as the roots and stems cane function as sinks. The contents of the phloem tubes flow from the sources to these sinks, where the sugar molecules are taken out of the phloem by active transport.

22
Q

What is the stomata

A

Pores in the leaves that open and closes and exchange gas by diffusion and water is lost through this.

23
Q

What is the guard cell

A

Controls the opening and the closing of the stomates.

24
Q

How does gas exchange in animals work

A

The gas in the lung is supplied to the alveoli which consist of thin-walled capillaries where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur to move the gas.

25
Q

What is the two types of digestions

A

Mechanical digestions

Chemical digestions

26
Q

What is mechanical digestions

A

Physical breakdown of food particles (chewing)

27
Q

What is chemical digestions

A

Digestions using enzymes to breakdown complex molecules into simpler forms.

28
Q

What is the role of the teeth

A

To break down food pieces into smaller surface areas to help the enzymes work faster

29
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus (digestions)

A

To push down food.

30
Q

What is the role of the stomach

A

The stomach contain gastric enzymes that are mixed with the food to split proteins into amino acid and breaks down food into smaller forms.

31
Q

What is the role of the small intestine

A

To absorb nutrients from the villi which provides a large surface area for quick absorption.

32
Q

What is the role of the large intestine

A

To absorbe dissolved mineral salts and vitamins.

33
Q

How to identify the xylem and the phloem

A

The xylem has dead cells within them and the phloem has companion cells as well as sieve plants within them.

34
Q

What is lymph

A

A colourless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes and tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the blood stream.

35
Q

What is the open circulatory system

A

It pumps a fluid called hemolymph and the fluid moves back to the heart in the spaces surrounding the organs. This system is common in smaller animals and invertebrates.

36
Q

Benefits of the open circulatory system

A

Less energy is required
Suited to animals with slower metabolism
Body temperature is controlled better

37
Q

What is the closed circulatory system

A

Heart and blood vessels carrying the blood and dissolved materials around the body. Gases exchanges during respiration and it circulates around the body continuously

38
Q

What is the role of the plasma

A

It carries plasma protein which acts as a clotting factors, immunoglobulins, albumen and enzymes. It also carries nutrients and oxygen as well as waste products.

39
Q

What is the role of the red blood cell

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body from and to the heart.

40
Q

What is the role of the white blood cell

A

Function as a immune system as a defence of the body against invading foreign bodies.

41
Q

What is the role of the platelets

A

Clotting blood that stop the bleeding. They do this by sticking to each other and to the fibres that develops at the site of the wound when the air is exposed

42
Q

Characteristics of the arteries

A

Thick walled, high pressure a elastic which allows the vessels to expand and recoil with each heart beat and maintains the pressure on the blood, sending it in spurts towards the body tissues.

43
Q

Characteristics of the capillaries

A

Walls are one cell thick and surrounds the body’s cells . They provide large surface area for the exchange of materials between the blood and the body cells

44
Q

Characteristics of the vein

A

Thin wall and less pressure. Blood is kept moving by one-way valves within the vein and by muscles pressing on the vein

45
Q

Characteristics of the hear

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle which it pumps to the lung. The oxygenated blood from the lungs is received form the left atrium to the left ventricles.

46
Q

What are the two circulatory system of the hear

A

Systemic

Pulmonary

47
Q

Function of the systemic system

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to all part of the body and returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Oxygenated → deoxygenated

48
Q

Function of the pulmonary system

A

Pathways of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Deoxygenated → oxygenated

Biology Year11 (4 decks)

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