Module 1 Cells and the Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells

A

Smallest units of life, makes up all of the living things

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2
Q

Who first observed cells

A

Robert Hooke, using a microscope he developed to observe a piece of cork.

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3
Q

Common structure cells share

A

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome

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4
Q

What are the two types of cells

A

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

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5
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

Smaller and less complex and contain non membrane bound organelle. Eg bacteria and archaea

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6
Q

What are eukaryotes

A

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles. Eg protists, fungi and animals

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7
Q

What is a light microscope

A

A device that can magnify up to x1500 and allows us to view both living and non-living specimens.

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8
Q

What is a fluorescence microscope

A

A microscope that produces images of specific parts of the cell. Better resolution then the light microscope but the sample needs to be fluorescing.

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9
Q

What is a electron microscope

A

Microscope that uses electrons to give a much greater magnification and higher resolution. It reveals cellular and subcellular level.

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10
Q

What is a laser scanning microscope

A

Microscope that and display cell in a three dimensional structure.

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11
Q

What is a nucleus

A

The nucleus is the brain of the cell and controls what goes in and out

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12
Q

What is a cytoplasm

A

Thick solution that fills the cell and helps dissolve waste as well as help with movement of materials

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13
Q

What is a cell wall

A

Outside layer that gives it structure. Found in plant cells

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14
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Where chlorophyll is found and where photosynthesis is taken place. They are only found in plant cells

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15
Q

What is a vacuole

A

A storage bubble where the cell stores it’s food and nutrient to survive.

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16
Q

What is a cel membrane

A

Cell membrane separates the cell contents from their surroundings. It controls the passage of water and other substance.

17
Q

What is a ribosome

A

site where the coded DNA instructions are used to produce proteins for the cell structure and functioning. It is made up of proteins and RNA.

18
Q

What is a mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell and produce energy by the process of energy-rich molecules and the energy released as ATP

19
Q

What is diffusion

A

Net movement of any molecule from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration until equilibrium is reached

20
Q

What is Osmosis

A

A process by which water molecules pass through from low solute concentration(high water concentration) to high solute concentration (low water concentration)

21
Q

What is isotonic

A

The fluid outside the cell

22
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and requires energy. It requires a carrier protein, using cellular energy in the process.

23
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Process which plants makes food. 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

24
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Organisms break down of glucose in order to use them. C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

25
What is enzyme
Protein molecules that controls all metabolic reactions in living cells and without enzymes the reaction will be slow.
26
What are factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature pH Substrate concentration