Module 1 Cells and the Basis of Life Flashcards
What are cells
Smallest units of life, makes up all of the living things
Who first observed cells
Robert Hooke, using a microscope he developed to observe a piece of cork.
Common structure cells share
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
What are the two types of cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
What are prokaryotes
Smaller and less complex and contain non membrane bound organelle. Eg bacteria and archaea
What are eukaryotes
Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles. Eg protists, fungi and animals
What is a light microscope
A device that can magnify up to x1500 and allows us to view both living and non-living specimens.
What is a fluorescence microscope
A microscope that produces images of specific parts of the cell. Better resolution then the light microscope but the sample needs to be fluorescing.
What is a electron microscope
Microscope that uses electrons to give a much greater magnification and higher resolution. It reveals cellular and subcellular level.
What is a laser scanning microscope
Microscope that and display cell in a three dimensional structure.
What is a nucleus
The nucleus is the brain of the cell and controls what goes in and out
What is a cytoplasm
Thick solution that fills the cell and helps dissolve waste as well as help with movement of materials
What is a cell wall
Outside layer that gives it structure. Found in plant cells
What is a chloroplast
Where chlorophyll is found and where photosynthesis is taken place. They are only found in plant cells
What is a vacuole
A storage bubble where the cell stores it’s food and nutrient to survive.
What is a cel membrane
Cell membrane separates the cell contents from their surroundings. It controls the passage of water and other substance.
What is a ribosome
site where the coded DNA instructions are used to produce proteins for the cell structure and functioning. It is made up of proteins and RNA.
What is a mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell and produce energy by the process of energy-rich molecules and the energy released as ATP
What is diffusion
Net movement of any molecule from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration until equilibrium is reached
What is Osmosis
A process by which water molecules pass through from low solute concentration(high water concentration) to high solute concentration (low water concentration)
What is isotonic
The fluid outside the cell
What is active transport
The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and requires energy. It requires a carrier protein, using cellular energy in the process.
What is photosynthesis
Process which plants makes food. 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is cellular respiration
Organisms break down of glucose in order to use them. C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is enzyme
Protein molecules that controls all metabolic reactions in living cells and without enzymes the reaction will be slow.
What are factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
