Module 1 Cells and the Basis of Life

Question 1

What are cells

Answer 1

Smallest units of life, makes up all of the living things

Question 2

Who first observed cells

Answer 2

Robert Hooke, using a microscope he developed to observe a piece of cork.

Question 3

Common structure cells share

Answer 3

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome

Question 4

What are the two types of cells

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Question 5

What are prokaryotes

Answer 5

Smaller and less complex and contain non membrane bound organelle. Eg bacteria and archaea

Question 6

What are eukaryotes

Answer 6

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles. Eg protists, fungi and animals

Question 7

What is a light microscope

Answer 7

A device that can magnify up to x1500 and allows us to view both living and non-living specimens.

Question 8

What is a fluorescence microscope

Answer 8

A microscope that produces images of specific parts of the cell. Better resolution then the light microscope but the sample needs to be fluorescing.

Question 9

What is a electron microscope

Answer 9

Microscope that uses electrons to give a much greater magnification and higher resolution. It reveals cellular and subcellular level.

Question 10

What is a laser scanning microscope

Answer 10

Microscope that and display cell in a three dimensional structure.

Question 11

What is a nucleus

Answer 11

The nucleus is the brain of the cell and controls what goes in and out

Question 12

What is a cytoplasm

Answer 12

Thick solution that fills the cell and helps dissolve waste as well as help with movement of materials

Question 13

What is a cell wall

Answer 13

Outside layer that gives it structure. Found in plant cells

Question 14

What is a chloroplast

Answer 14

Where chlorophyll is found and where photosynthesis is taken place. They are only found in plant cells

Question 15

What is a vacuole

Answer 15

A storage bubble where the cell stores it’s food and nutrient to survive.

Question 16

What is a cel membrane

Answer 16

Cell membrane separates the cell contents from their surroundings. It controls the passage of water and other substance.

Question 17

What is a ribosome

Answer 17

site where the coded DNA instructions are used to produce proteins for the cell structure and functioning. It is made up of proteins and RNA.

Question 18

What is a mitochondria

Answer 18

The powerhouse of the cell and produce energy by the process of energy-rich molecules and the energy released as ATP

Question 19

What is diffusion

Answer 19

Net movement of any molecule from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 20

What is Osmosis

Answer 20

A process by which water molecules pass through from low solute concentration(high water concentration) to high solute concentration (low water concentration)

Question 21

What is isotonic

Answer 21

The fluid outside the cell

Question 22

What is active transport

Answer 22

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration and requires energy. It requires a carrier protein, using cellular energy in the process.

Question 23

What is photosynthesis

Answer 23

Process which plants makes food. 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 24

What is cellular respiration

Answer 24

Organisms break down of glucose in order to use them. C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 25

What is enzyme

Answer 25

Protein molecules that controls all metabolic reactions in living cells and without enzymes the reaction will be slow.

Question 26

What are factors that affect enzyme activity

Answer 26

Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration