Module 4: Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Plasmids

A

Carries only one or two genes

can replicate independently of core genome and be transferred from one cell to another (rapid spread of genes)

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2
Q

Super coiling

A

Coiling that occurs in addition to coil helical DNA structure
preserves double helix and compact DNA into small space

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3
Q

Streptococcal bacteria

A

Normal inhabitants of human upper respiratory tract
Benign strains harmless
Virulent strains -mild symptoms (sore throat) to severe (pneumonia)

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4
Q

Transformation

A

Change in cell behaviour resulting from incorporation of hereditary material from outside cell

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5
Q

Nucleotide

A

Phosphate group, five carbon deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base

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6
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine and thymine

Single ring

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7
Q

Purines

A

Guanine and adenine

2 rings

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8
Q

Chargaff’s rules

A

A and T -2 hydrogen bonds

G and C -3 hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

Messenger RNA/mRNA

A

Single stranded RNA molecules that is copy of gene that codes for protein
Translated by ribosomes

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10
Q

Transfer RNA/tRNA

A

Carry amino acids into ribosomes and match amino acids to appropriate mRNA sequence
Not translated

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11
Q

Ribosomal RNA/rRNA

A

Multiple rRNAs and proteins form functional ribosomes complexes that perform translation of mRNAs into proteins

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