Module 1: Composition & Structure Of Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Bacterial cell
Does not contain true nucleus
10x more of these cells than eukaryotic

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2
Q

Microbiome

A

Pop of microorganisms and microbes

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3
Q

Microorganisms

A

Organism not visible to naked eye, only under microscope

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4
Q

Streptococcus salivanus

A

Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract and oral cavity
Contributes to dental plaque

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5
Q

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

A

Resides on skin

Pathogen it gets inside body

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6
Q

Bacteriodes Thetaiotaomicron

A

Prédominant intestinal bacteria

Makes enzymes to breakdown plant material

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7
Q

Cell

A

Membrane bound structure containing:

Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, phospholipids

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8
Q

Membrane

A

Separate internal enviro from external

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9
Q

Phospholipids

A

Consists of glycerol molecule linked to phosphate and two fatty acids

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10
Q

Saturated

A

Single bonds

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11
Q

Unsaturated

A

Double bonds

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12
Q

Lipid micelles

A

Important for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and complex lipids

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13
Q

Lipid raft

A

Region of lower fluidity
Holds macromolecules together in membrane
Gather proteins/collection of receptors on cell surface

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14
Q

Less fluid membrane with fewer unsaturated fatty acids & more cholesterol…

A

Lower permeability

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15
Q

More fluid membrane with more unsaturated fatty acids and less cholesterol

A

Higher permeability

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16
Q

Sélective permeability

A

Ability of cell membrane to control traffic of substances into and out of cell and its organelles

17
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

Membrane consists of proteins and carbohydrates embedded in fluid phospholipid bilayer

18
Q

Passive/simple diffusion

A

Movement of small molecules in direction of conc. gradient
High to low conc.
No energy required
-lipid soluble molecules, gases, uncharged polar molecules

19
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of small molecules with conc. gradient (high to low) but involves embedded proteins in membrane
Does not require energy
-requires help if transmembrane proteins, Ions, hydrophilic molecules

20
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules against conc. gradient

Fuelled by energy from hydrolysis of ATP

21
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across membrane

Less concentrated to more concentrated

22
Q

Aquaporin

A

Exclusively permeable to water

Channel water across membrane from high to low conc.

23
Q

Isotonic environment

A

Cell in environment or has extracellular fluid concentration with same osmolarity as it’s interior
No net movement of water, cell retain shape and optimal activities

24
Q

Hypotonic environment

A

Extracellular fluid has a lower solute concentration than inside cell
Results in excessive movement of water leading to sell swelling or bursting

25
Hypertonic environment
Environment with higher solute concentration on exteriors and interiors of cell Net loss of water – quick membrane shrinking and shrivelling
26
Primary active transport
Transmembrane transport proteins directly affected by energy released from ATP hydrolysis and undergoes change to pump substances across membranes against concentration gradient
27
Secondary active transport
Neighbouring transmembrane proteins takes advantage of electrochemical gradient established in primary active transport pumps to move their own solutes against gradient
28
Sodium— potassium pump
Greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid relative to interior of cell Greater concentration of potassium in interior than extracellular environment Ratio: 3 sodium:2 potassium