Module 3: Proteins

Question 1

Space filling diagram

Answer 1

Shows actual relative size and location of each atom, represents different atoms with different colours

Question 2

Ribbon diagram

Answer 2

Lines represent backbone of protein polymer
Broader line rep organized reiterated structure (alpha helix)
Thinner line rep less ordered loop

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Double membrane bound domain that contains chromosomes which pack and control DNA molecules

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Involved in synthesis of protein

Made in nucleolus

Question 5

Free ribosomes

Answer 5

Remain soluble in cytoplasm

Question 6

Bound ribosomes

Answer 6

Free ribosomes can attach to endoplasmic reticulum to become bound

Question 7

Amino acid

Answer 7

Central carbon bound to amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom and variable side chain (R)
Side chain determines properties of protein

Question 8

Polypeptide

Answer 8

Strand of amino acids that covalently bound to one another through condensation reaction

Question 9

Condensation

Answer 9

Polymerize amino acids releasing water

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Break polymer apart by adding water

Question 11

Primary structure

Answer 11

Sequence info

Question 12

Secondary structure

Answer 12

Alpha hélix -spiral by formation of hydrogen bonds

Beta pleated -made by parallel protein strands w HBs formed between carboxyl and amino group of adjacent strands

Question 13

Tertiary structure

Answer 13

3-D shape that determines function

Question 14

Quaternary structure

Answer 14

Association of different polypeptide subunits to form fully functional proteins

Question 15

Molecular chaperones

Answer 15

Bind hydrophobic regions of nascent polypeptides and prevent incorrect folding

Question 16

Chaperonins

Answer 16

Large molecular complexes that form isolation chambers
Inside chamber, single nascent proteins sequestered away from other proteins so it can fold without interference and incorrect bonds

Question 17

Endomembrane system

Answer 17

Allows for cell to compartmentalize different areas to serve different functions

Question 18

Vesicles

Answer 18

Small membrane-bound compartments in cell that bud off ER

Question 19

Glycosylation

Answer 19

Occurs on most secreted and membrane-bound proteins

Help contribute to proteins stability, folding, cell to cell recognition

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

Dense network of fibres that maintains and change cell shape

Question 21

Microtubules

Answer 21

Protein polymers that form long fibres which stretch through cell
Cellular roadways that allow vesicles to be transported

Question 22

Kinesin and dynein (motor proteins)

Answer 22

Attached to transport vesicle and walk along microtubules using ATP

Question 23

Aquaporins

Answer 23

Embedded in plasma membrane and allow for movement of water across a membrane
Has hydrophobic exterior -allows for embedding in membrane-and hydrophilic core-Allows for passage of water

Question 24

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

Genetic disease which causes accumulation of mucus in organs specifically the accumulation of thickness mucus in the lungs