Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Zoo Lec > Module 4 Mollusca > Flashcards

Module 4 Mollusca Flashcards

1
Q

Second largest animal phylum

A

Mollusk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: Mollusks are mostly marine phylum with 90000 described species

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

\True or False: Mollusks are predominant phylum in marine environments and only one group (snails and slugs) has species adapted for land

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: All mollusks are soft-bodied

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: All mollusks are eucoelomate

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Coelom that is restricted to a cavity around the heart in adults

A

Eucoelomate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False: Majority of mollusks are small

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long can a large mollusks grow?

A

20m or to 900kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anatomy and Physiology: Contains the feeding, sensory, and locomotor organs.

A

Head-foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contains digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs. It is also found above the foot.

A

Visceral Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Most mollusks have well-developed heads

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This contains the mouth and specialized sensory structures such as photoreceptors

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: Cephalopods have complex eyes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extendable tongue-like organ. Found in all mollusks except bivalves and most solenogasters

A

Radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

has filelike teeth made of chitin for scraping, piercing, tearing, or cutting

A

The radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: the teeth in radula are continuously replaced.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These supports the radula

A

Odontophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: foot is modified in some groups.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adapted for movement or attachment to surfaces, usually located on the ventral surface, and movement is typically waves of muscle contraction

A

Foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: Foot is modified in some groups

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the foot for limpets?

A

Attachment disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the foot for bivalves

A

Hatchet foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the foot in cephalopods

A

Siphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tissue that extends outward from the visceral mass, secretes the shell, contains sensory receptors, capelike; wraps around the body

A

Mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Space between the visceral mass and mantle. It also houses respiratory organs such as gills (ctenidia) and lungs. It is also where digestive, reproductive, excretory system products are emptied.

A

Mantle Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In aquatic mollusks, water is pump continuously into the mantle cavitiy for?

A

Respiration, feeding, and excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

They use the mantle and mantle cavity for jet propulsion

A

Cephalopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or False: Many mollusks can withdraw their head or foot into the mantle cavity

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Secreted by mantle and has three layers

A

Shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the three layers of a shell

A

Periostracum, Prismatic layer, and Nacreous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is prismatic layer and nacreous layer made of?

A

Calcium Carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is periostracum made of?

A

Conchiolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

True of False: Mollusks shell are varied

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or False: Periostracum is thinner or absent in marine mollusks vs freshwater mollusks

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where does calcium for the shells come from?

A

Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Internal structures and Functions: Most mollusks have a ______ circulatory system

A

Closed Circulatory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

True or False: Open Circulatory system are generally less efficient at supplying oxygen

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

True or False: Digestive tract is complex and specialized (Extensive ciliary tracts)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Mollusks have 2 kidneys called

A

Metanephridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The inner end opens into the coelom by?

A

a nephrostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

True or false: Kidney ducts are also used in discharging gametes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

True or False: Most Mollusks are dioecious while some are also hermaphroditic

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

True or false: Larvae are typically free-swimming trochophore larvae

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Some groups such as
bivalves and gastropods
have an additional larval
stage called?

A

Veliger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Free-swimming, early foot, shell, and mantle are visible, only free-swimming stage in some mollusks

A

Veliger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

True or False: Cephalopods, some bivalves, and
some freshwater and marine
snails have no free-swimming
larvae

A

True (Juveniles hatch directly
from eggs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

8 classes of mollusk:

A

○Caudofoveata
○ Solenogastres
○ Polyplacophora
○ Monoplacophora
○ Gastropoda
○ Cephalopoda
○ Bivalvia
○ Scaphopoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Shell-less wormlike animals, Have an oral shield and a radula, Dioecious, Resemble the likely common
ancestor of all mollusks

A

Caudofoveata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Similar to caudofoveates, No radula or gills, Monoecious, Often feed on cnidarians

A

Solenogastres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

“Many plates”, commonly known as chitons, dorsoventrally flattened,
dorsal shell is made up of 8 plates, Have a radula

A

Polyplacophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Chemoreceptive sense
organs found near the anus

A

Osphradia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

True or False: Polyplacophora is mostly dioecious and has no veliger stage

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

True or False: Head and cephalic sensory
organs are reduced

A

True ( Photosensitive structures
pierce through the plates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

“One plate”, One caplike shell covering the
dorsal side, Simple radula, Some organs are serially
repeated (Pseudometamerism)

A

Monoplacophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

“Boat feet”, also known as tusk shells or
tooth shells, mantle is tube shaped, single conical shell open on
both ends, Lack ctenidia

A

Scaphopoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

If Scaphopoda lack ctenida then how does gas exchange occur?

A

Gas exchange occurs
through the mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

“Stomach foot”, the largest class of mollusks, includes snails, slugs, conches,
limpets, sea butterflies, Only class with terrestrial
species

A

Gastropoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Gastropods are either?

A

shell-bearing or have a
reduced shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

True or False: Most gastropods have a
head with eyes on
tentacles

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

True or False: Gastropod’s shell is always univalve when
present (one piece)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

True or False: Shell gets larger and spirals
around the central axis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

contains the
smallest and oldest whorl

A

The Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

_____is often colored with an operculum

A

The Aperture

64
Q

The aperture (opening) is
often colored with an

65
Q

The rotation of the shell, mantle, and visceral organs in gastropod
development. This also allows the head to be
withdrawn into the
mantle cavity.

66
Q

This leads to the anus and
mantle cavity opening
above the head (Increases risk of fouling)

67
Q

The spiral winding of the
shell and visceral mass

68
Q

True or False: early gastropods had a
bilaterally symmetrical shell

69
Q

True or False: Evolving a cone-shaped
shell allowed for more
compact body plans

70
Q

Why are organs asymmetrically arranged?

A

To account for the unbalanced
weight

71
Q

What are lost in most extant species?

A

Right gill, atrium, and
kidney are lost in most
extant species

72
Q

What is the advantage of losing the right gill?

A

It helps avoid fouling

73
Q

True or False: Most gastropods are herbivores

74
Q

True or False: Some feed on decaying flesh
while others hunt

75
Q

Venomous cone snails
(genus Conus) have a
modified radula for
administering a venom
called

A

Conotoxin ( Lethal to humans in
several species)

76
Q

Most gastropods respire using a?

77
Q

True or False: Basal gastropods have 2 ctenidium

78
Q

Pulmonates have a highly
vascular area in the mantle
cavity that serves as a ______

79
Q

True or False: In Gastropoda, sensory organs include eyes or
simple photoreceptors, tactile organs, and chemoreceptors

80
Q

True or False: Gastropods can be monoecious or dioecious

81
Q

True or False: in monoecious gastropods, both partners lay eggs

82
Q

Three subclasses of Gastropod:

A

Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia, Pulmonata

83
Q

Largest group; most marine
snails and some
terrestrial/freshwater
gastropods. It only has one pair of tentacles

A

Prosobranchia

84
Q

Sea slugs, sea hares, sea
butterflies. They are mostly marine and shallow water and have 2 pairs of tentacles

A

Opisthobranchia

85
Q

Land and most freshwater
snails/slugs with a few
brackish and marine
species. This subclass has no ctenidia; mantle cavity has a lung

86
Q

“Two-valves”, 2-part shelves fused with
ligaments on the dorsal side and opened and closed by muscle

87
Q

Examples of this are Oysters, mussels, scallops,
clams, etc

88
Q

True or False: Bivalves are Mostly marine with some living in freshwater and brackish
environments

89
Q

True or False: Majority of Bivalves are sedentary
filter-feeders

90
Q

True or False: Bivalves has No head, radula, and minimal
cephalization

91
Q

True or False: Shell of a Bivalve is Laterally compressed

92
Q

2 shells (valves) held
together by a

A

Dorsal hinge
ligament

93
Q

Oldest part of the shell is
called the

94
Q

is a byproduct of a response to irritation caused by a foreign object

A

Pearl Production

95
Q

True or False: Mantle secretes many
layers of nacre around
the object

96
Q

Tue or False: Visceral mass suspended
from the dorsal side

97
Q

True or False: Posterior side of the mantle
folds are modified to form incurrent and excurrent
openings

98
Q

True or False: Foot is attached to the
visceral mass
anteroventrally

99
Q

How is blood pumped?

A

Blood is pumped into
the foot to anchor it
into the substrate, then
muscles contract to
shorten the foot

100
Q

How can file shells and scallops swim?

A

Scallops and file shells
can swim by clapping
their valves

101
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in Bivalves?

A

Gas exchange occurs through the mantle and ctenidia

102
Q

These are highly modified
for filter feeding

103
Q

True or False: Respiratory currents bring water and food particles into the
mantle cavity

104
Q

True or False: Some bivalves have symbiotic
relationships with bacteria and
dinoflagellates

105
Q

What do Shipworms produce to digest wood?

A

Shipworms have bacteria
that produce cellulase to allow them to digest wood

106
Q

Where do Giant clams get nutrition?

A

Giant clams get nutrition from photosynthetic
products of dinoflagellates

107
Q

True or False: Bivalves are usually dioecious

108
Q

How are gametes discharged?

A

Gametes are discharged
into the mantle cavity then
carried out with excurrent
flow

109
Q

True or False: Fertilization is external in most bivalves

110
Q

Which clams have internal fertilization

A

most of freshwater clams

111
Q

True or False: Many bivalves burrow into mud
or sand while some can burrow into wood
or stone

112
Q

“Head foot” These are Octopuses, squid, cuttlefish,
nautilus. All are marine

A

Cephalopoda

113
Q

True or False: Cephalopoda are active predators

114
Q

What do Cephalopoda feed on?

A

They feed on small fish,
crustaceans, worms, and
other mollusks

115
Q

How are their food captured?

A

Food is captured with the
arms and then brought to
the beaklike jaws

116
Q

Where do octopuses and cuttlefishes secrete venom?

A

Octopuses and cuttlefishes
secrete venom from their
salivary glands

117
Q

True or False: The blue-ringed octopus
produces a potent
neurotoxic venom that is
lethal to humans

118
Q

Shell: the only
extant cephalopod with an
external shell

119
Q

True or False: Shell of a nautilus is divided into
multiple internal
chambers.

120
Q

True or False: The Chambers are filled
with gas to keep the
shell upright

121
Q

True or False: The shell is small, curved,
and completely surrounded
by the mantle in cuttlefish.

122
Q

In squids, internal shell is reduced into

123
Q

This cephalopod completely lack shell

124
Q

Movement: Cephalopods move by
expelling water from
the mantle cavity
through a _____?

A

Siphon (Siphon can be aimed)

125
Q

True or False: Squids and cuttlefish
are excellent swimmers

126
Q

True or False: Octopuses are more
adapted for crawling

127
Q

What kind of circulatory system do Cephalopods have?

A

Cephalopods have a
closed circulatory
system

128
Q

True or false: Cephalopods have 2
branchial hearts for
moving blood
through the gills and
1 systemic heart to
move blood to the
rest of the body

129
Q

Function of 2 branchial hearts of Cephalopods

A

moving blood
through the gills

130
Q

Function of the systemic heart of a cephalopods

A

To move blood to the
rest of the body

131
Q

True or False: Cephalopods other
than nautiloids only
have one pair of gills.

A

True (Nautiloids have 2 pairs)

132
Q

True of False: Cephalopods have complex
and elaborate nervous
systems and sensory organs

133
Q

They have the largest brain in any
invertebrate with
multiple lobes

A

Cephalopods

134
Q

The nerve fibers of
this aquatic animal are among the
largest in any animal

135
Q

True or False: Cephalopods have sensory organs that are well-developed

136
Q

The eyes of cephalopods are highly complex except for?

A

Nautiloids

137
Q

True or False: Cephalopods can be
taught to distinguish
shapes

138
Q

True or False: Arms have both tactile
and chemoreceptor
organs

139
Q

They are capable of
observational learning and
tactile exploration

140
Q

True or False: An octopus observing
another being rewarded
would remember which
choice is rewarded

141
Q

True or False: Octopods can distinguish
textures via touch

142
Q

How do cephalopods communicate?

A

Cephalopods communicate
primarily through visual
signals

143
Q

Color changing of Cephalopods is facilitated
by cells

A

Chromatophores

144
Q

True or False: Most cephalopods
cannot detect color;
patterns are detected as
polarized light

145
Q

Why do cephalopods produce black ink?

A

Cephalopods produce a dark ink
for defense

146
Q

True or False: All cephalopods are
dioecious

147
Q

How do Cephalopods reproduce?

A

Males use a modified arm to pluck a spermatophore
from the mantle cavity and insert it into a female’s
mantle cavity

148
Q

Why do males engage in color display during reproduction?

A

Males engage in color
displays to compete
prior to copulation

149
Q

Why do cephalopods not produce free-swimming larvae?

A

because Juveniles hatch directly from eggs

150
Q

3 subclasses of Cephalopods:

A

Nautiloidea, Ammonoidea, Coleoidea

151
Q

Genus Nautilus is the only surviving member of this cephalopod and have 2 pairs of gills

A

Nautiloidea

152
Q

Ammonites; all extinct
after the Cretaceous

A

Ammonoidea

153
Q

All other living
cephalopods and only has 1 pair of gills

154
Q

True or False: Mollusks are an important food source

A

True (60 million tonnes of
mollusks were harvested
from the eastern US in 2014
amounting to 2.68 billion
USD)

155
Q

They are threatened by ocean acidification

156
Q

How are mollusks affected by ocean acidification

A

Higher levels of acidity
affect the availability of
calcium and Shelled mollusks are
vulnerable to increases in
acidity.

Zoo Lec (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions