Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT 380 > module 4- lower limb > Flashcards

module 4- lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

where are the lateral rotator muscles located

A

deep to the gluteal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

superficial lateral rotator muscles

A

gluteus Medius
gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intermediate lateral rotator muscles

A
  • gluteus Medius
  • lateral rotators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deep lateral rotator muscles

A
  • gluteus minimus
  • lateral rotators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do the lateral rotator muscles run

A

from the bony pelvis to the greater trochanter and upper posterior femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the lateral rotator muscles

A
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior and inferior gemelli
  • quadatrus femoris
  • abturator externus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does the piriformis attach

A

to the pelvis surface of the lateral part of the sacrum and the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the piriformis leave

A

the pelvic through the greater sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the obturator internus muscle originate

A

obturator membrane of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does the tendon of the obturator interus exit

A

through the lesser sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the obturator interus insert

A

on the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is formed with in obturator membrane

A

pudendal canal and carriers structures that supply the perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where are the superior and inferior gemelli

A

run above and below the obturator internus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the quadratus femoris run

A

from the ischial tuberosity to the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does the obturator externus run

A

from the outer surface of the obturator membrane to the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is better seen from anterior view

A

obturator externus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gemellus pain syndrome

A
  • most common conditions with these muscles
  • they aid in flexion but not their primary function which can make them strained
  • puts pressure on surrounding nerve (posterior femoral cutaneous nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what nerve runs over the gemelli muscles

A
  • posterior femoral cutanous nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms of gemellus pain syndrome

A
  • reduced range of motion of hip
  • feeling and sensation to the skin of the posterior thigh from the nerve compression causing numbness in the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are gluteal muscles supplied by

A

branches of the internal iliac artery, primarily the superior and inferior gluteal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do the vessel go through the supply the guteal muscles

A

greater sciatic foramen, superior and inferior to the pirifiormis muscle and travel along the posterior surface of the ilium, deep to the glute muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do the venous branches of the gluteal muscle drain into

A

internal iliac vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is internal iliac artery stenosis (IIAS)

A

consequences of atherosclerosis
- narrowing of the internal iliac arteries reduces blood supply to the structures supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery (superior and inferior gluteal arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms’ of internal iliac artery stenosis

A
  • cramping of muscles in lower back, hip, buttock, thigh further induced by exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substance in an on arterial wall (plaque) which can restrict blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what innervates the gluteal region

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • pudendal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

motor innervation too:
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fasciae latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

motor innervation too:
- gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

sensory innervation:
- skin of the posterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

sciatic nerve

A

muscles that make up the posterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the largest nerve in body

A

sciatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

pudendal nerve

A

motor innervation:
- anal sphincters and the urethral sphincter

sensory innervation:
- perineum
- penis
- scrotum
- labia majora
- clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the largest branch of the sacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve (L4,5 and S1,2,3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pathway of the sciatic nerve: gluteal region

A
  • after forming from the sacral plexus
  • the sciatic nerve leaves the pelvic via the greater sciatic foramen and emerge below the piriformis muscle
  • sciatic nerve runs deep to the gluteus maximus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pathway of the scaitic nerve: posterior thigh

A
  • passes superficial to the lateral rotator muscles
  • enters the posterior thigh deep the hamstrigns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what does the sciatic nerve innervate in posterior thigh

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendiosus
  • hamstrings
  • portion of the adductor magnus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

piriformis syndrome (sciatica)

A
  • caused by compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
  • where the nerve emerges over the lateral rotator muscles from under the piriformis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

symptoms of sciatica

A
  • pain
  • tingling
  • numbness
  • pain in lower back (where spinal nerve converge to form the sciatic nerve) and down thigh
  • pain can be triggered from sitting for prolonged periods, compressing the sciatic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the hip joint

A

strong and stable “ball and socket” joint between the head of the femur and the cup-shaped acetabulum of hip bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

important stabilizing elements of the hip joint

A
  • acetabular labrum
  • ligamentum teres
  • fibrous capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

acetabular labrum

A
  • the cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by a rim of fibrocartilage, the acetabular labrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

by deepening the acetabulum

A

more than half of the femoral head can fit
- improves the stability of the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

ligamentum teres

A

acts as a secondary stabilizer of the hip joint, supplementing the work of the capsular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

fibrous capsule

A
  • is a thick and strong group of ligaments that help hold the head of the femur in the acetabulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

how is the fibrous capsule oriented

A

in a spiral fashion around the hip joint so that they tighten during extension and go slack during flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is the weakest in the posterior inferior region

A

fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is traumatic posterior hip subluxation

A

occurs when the head of the femur is forced partially out of the acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

most common way to get traumatic posterior hip subluxation

A
  • fall on a flexed and adducted hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

symptoms of traumatic posterior hip subluxation

A
  • painful and limited motion
  • fibrous capsule and ligametum teres can be torn or disrupted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

traumatic posterior hip subluxation fibrous capsule

A

typically tears in its posterior regions, since it is weaker than the anterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

traumatic posterior hip subluxation radiographs

A

can reveal a characteristic posterior acetabular lip (labrum) fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

how are the 3 compartment of the thigh formed by

A

intermuscular septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

intermuscular septa

A

fibrous connective-tissue sheets that partition muscle groups in the lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what muscles make up the anterior compartment of thigh

A
  • quadriceps muscles
  • sartorius muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh

A
  • hamstrings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

medical compartment of thigh what is in it

A

contains primarily adduct msucles
- triangular shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

where do the adductor muscles originate

A

pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

where do the adductor muscle interset

A

linea aspera of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

list the medial compartment of thigh muscles

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • gracilis
  • adductor magnus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what is the deepest and largest muscle of the medical compartment of thigh

A

adductor magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

where does adductor magnus insert

A

along the length of the linea aspera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

function of the adductor magnus

A

adduction
extend and medically rotate the thigh at hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

adductor hiatus formation

A

At its most distal insertion site, a smaller ‘hamstring’ part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur, forming it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

function of the adductor hiatus

A
  • allows the passage of vessels between the anterior and posterior thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

adductor magnus strain

A
  • common injuries among soccer, hockey, football players
  • occurs from tearing of muscle that happens when muscle has been forced to stretch or contract beyond its limits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

symptoms of adductor magnus strain

A
  • limited movement of the hip
  • weird gate
  • pain with adduction, extension or medial rotation of the thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what occurs in athletes as result of adductor magnus strain

A

trigger points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

localization pain adductor magnus strain: groin

A

deep aching pain may radiate to the pelvis and groin area, near the origin of the adductor magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

localization pain adductor magnus strain: thigh

A

pain is felt at the front and/or back of the thigh along the body of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

localization pain adductor magnus strain: knee

A

pain may radiate to the knee, near the insertion of the adductor magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment

A

hamstrings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

where do posterior compartment muscles originate

A

from the ischial tuberosity of the ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

where do posterior compartment muscles insert

A

on the posterolateral (fibula) and posteromedial (tibia) aspects of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what are the posterior muscles of thigh responsible for

A

extending the hip and flexing the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

list the posterior thigh compartment muscles

A
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what is the femoral triangle

A

area in the upper anterior thigh that contains major neurovasular strucutres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

superior border of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

lateral border of femoral triangle

A

satorius muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

muscle floor of the femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas and pectineus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

roof of femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

fascia lata

A

a thick connective tissue layer that covers and holds the musculature of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

what does the iliac artery do when is passes deep to the inguinal ligament

A

continues as the femoral artery which supplies branches to the hip and thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

branches that supply the hip region

A
  • deep femoral artery (profunda femoris)
  • circumflex arteries (multiple branches that anastomose around the neck of femur)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

what branches of femoral artery supply the thigh

A
  • profunda femoris artery (deep femoral)
  • superficial femoral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

profunda femoris artery

A
  • main source of blood supply to the thigh and the femoral supplies rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

femoral vein

A

drains the thigh and the rest of the lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

saphenous vein

A
  • longest tributary
  • drains the superficial tissues of most of the lower limb
89
Q

where does the great saphenous vein emptie

A

into the femoral vein in the upper thigh

90
Q

what does the femoral triangle contain

A

femoral artery and femoral vein

91
Q

where does the femoral artery and vein go after femoral triangle

A

adductor hiatus

92
Q

adductor (hunters) canal femoral artery and vein

A

they go through it to the posterior knee where they change their name to popliteal artery and vein

93
Q

avascular necrosis of femoral head

A
  • arises when blood supply to the femoral head (circumfelx arteries) is disrupted
  • caused from trauma to joint or bone
94
Q

what happens from avascular necrosis of femoral head

A
  • necrosis or tissue death
95
Q

avascular necrosis of femoral head symptoms

A
  • none in early stages
  • pain can range from mild to severe
  • affected joint may hurt only during weight bearing activities but eventually pain may persist when lying down
  • pain can go to groin, thigh, buttocks
96
Q

location of avascular neurosis of femoral head + structures involved

A
  • femoral head
  • neck
  • circumflex arteries
97
Q

what supplies innervation to hip and thigh

A
  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
  • lateral cutaneous nerve
  • sciatic nerve
98
Q

femoral nerve

A
  • innervates quadriceps muscles
  • skin on anterior thigh
99
Q

where does femoral nerve run

A

along the femoral artery and vein in the femoral triangle

100
Q

obturator nerve

A
  • innervates muscles of the medial compartment (adductors) by motor branches
  • skin of medial thigh via cutaneous branch
101
Q

lateral cutaneous nerve

A
  • supplies skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh above the knee
102
Q

sciatic nerve

A
  • innervate to hamstring muscles
103
Q

obturator nerve entrapment

A
  • can occur from many reasons such as inflammation of the adductor muscels
  • bc it travels between the adductor longus and adductor brevis its susceptible to impingment
104
Q

pain of obturator nerve entrapment

A

can follow the course of the nerve along the medial thigh and can radiate to the groin and/or knee

105
Q

sensory changes of obturator nerve entrapment

A

cutaneous branches of this nerve supply the skin of the medial thigh hence, individuals may experience numbness and paresthesia

106
Q

motor change obturator nerve entrapment

A
  • impingement can lead to adductor weakness, limited range of motion at hip joint, and pain that worsens with activity
107
Q

what is the point of ligament in the knee joint

A
  • provides stability and support its movements
108
Q

what are the ligaments of the knee

A
  • patellar ligament
  • collateral ligament
  • cruciate ligament
109
Q

patellar ligament

A
  • continuation of the quadriceps tendon
  • keep the patella in proper position
110
Q

what are the 2 collateral ligaments

A

medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

111
Q

function of collateral ligaments

A

stabilize the hinge motion of the knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement

112
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

joins the distal demur to the proximal tibia

113
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

joins the distal femur to the head of the fibula

114
Q

what are the 2 cruciate ligaments

A
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • posterior cruciate ligament
115
Q

what are the cruicate ligaments

A

deep ligaments of the knee that prevent the femur and tibia from sliding forwards or backwards

116
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

prevents anterior disolcation of the tibia on the fixed femur

117
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia on the fixed femur

118
Q

what are the menisci

A
  • C-shaped
  • fibrocartilaginous pads on the condyles of the tibia
  • deep to the articular surface of the tibia
  • increase stability
  • shock absorbers
119
Q

what are the 2 meniscus

A

medial
lateral

120
Q

medial meniscus tear

A
  • injured or torn from jumping, changing direction quick, rotation of the knee
121
Q

symptoms of medial meniscus tear

A
  • popping sensation
  • pain to localized area
  • swelling + stiffness
  • loss of cushioning makes movements, difficult and painful
122
Q

what are the posterior compartment of the leg responsible for

A
  • plantarflexing foot and ankle
123
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment of leg

A
  • popliteus
  • gastronemius
  • plantaris
124
Q

popliteus

A
  • deepest muscle of posterior compartment
125
Q

origin of popliteus

A

lateral femur

126
Q

insertion of popliteus

A

posterior surface of tibia

127
Q

gastrocnemius origin

A
  • has 2 heads that oringinate on the medial and lateral sides of the femur
128
Q

insertion of gastrocnemius

A

the calcaneus

129
Q

function of the gastronemius

A
  • cross to joints so flexs the leg and foot
130
Q

plantaris origin

A

posterolateral femur

131
Q

insertion of plantaris

132
Q

what is the popliteual fossa

A
  • diamond shaped area of the knee
  • nerve and vessel travel between the thigh and knee found here
133
Q

medial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimbranosus

134
Q

lateral border of popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris

135
Q

where is the plantaris in the popliteal fossa

A

lateral inferior

136
Q

inferior lateral border of popliteal border

A

lateral head of gastrocenemius

137
Q

medial inferior border of the popliteal border

A

medial head of gastrocnemius

138
Q

muscles in the popliteal border

A
  • semimbranosus
  • biceps femoris
  • plantaris
  • lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • medial head of gastrocemius
139
Q

medial gastrocnemius strain

A
  • high risk because it crosses 2 joints and injuried alot in sports
140
Q

symptoms of medial gastrocnemius strain

A
  • calf pain
  • possible budge
  • tenderness
  • pain and weakness when flexing the leg at the knee joint
141
Q

what suppleis the knee and leg

A

branches of femoral artery
branches of femoral vein

142
Q

branches off femoral artery that supply the knee and leg

A
  • popliteal artery —> anterior tibial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • fibular artery (peroneal artery)
143
Q

popliteal artery

A

continuation of the femoral artery and found in the popliteal fossa

144
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

branch off popliteal artery
- supplies anterior compartment of leg

145
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

supplies posterior compartment of leg

146
Q

fibular artery (peroneal arterty)

A

supplies lateral compartement of leg

147
Q

branches of the femoral vein that drain the knee and leg (order of draining)

A
  • fibular vein–>posterior tibial vein–> anterior tibial vein–> popliteal vein–> femoral vein
  • small saphenous vein–>great saphenous vein–>popliteal vein–> femoral vein
148
Q

fibular vein

A

drains lateral compartment of leg

149
Q

posterior tibial vein

A

drains the fibular vein and posterior compartment of leg

150
Q

anterior tibial vein

A

drains the anterior compartment of leg

151
Q

small saphenous vein

A

drains from lower leg into popliteal vein
- (short or lesser saphenous vein)

152
Q

great saphenous vein

A

drains the superifical tissue of most of the lower limb

153
Q

popliteal vein

A

found in popliteal fossa and drains into the femoral vein

154
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

involves the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein
- from decreased blood flow increased tendency to clot, injury to blood vessel

155
Q

risk factors of deep vein thrombosis

A
  • age
  • obesity
  • trauma
  • lack of movement
  • use of birth control
156
Q

symptoms of deep vein thrombosis

A
  • pain that starts in calf
  • cramp or soreness
  • red vein or discolored on skin
  • warm and swollen
157
Q

what innervate the knee and leg

A
  • sciatic nerve splits to form tibial and common peroneal nerves at the distal thigh
158
Q

common peroneal (fibular nerve)

A

innervates the muscles of lateral and anterior compartments of the leg

159
Q

tibial nerve

A

descends posteriorly through popliteal fossa and innervates the muscles of the posterior leg

160
Q

branchs of the common peroneal (fibualr) nerve

A

superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular nerve

161
Q

superifical fibular nerve

A

innervates muscles of the latereal compartment of leg

162
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

innervates muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

163
Q

contents of the popliteal fossa

A
  • popliteal artery
  • popliteal vein
  • tibial nerve
  • common peroneal nerve
164
Q

common peroneal nerve dysfunction

A

occurs when there is damage to the peroneaal (fibular) nerve leading to loss of movement or sensation in the foot and leg
- truama or injury to the knee
- impairment to the foot (drop foot, impaired gait)

165
Q

what nerve could be affect from medial gastrocneumius strain

A

posterior tibial artery , tibial nerve

166
Q

functions of bones in the foot

A

faciliate movement of the foot while bearing the weight of the body

167
Q

list the tarsal bones

A
  • calcaneus
  • talus
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • intermediate, lateral, medial cuneiforms
168
Q

this larger bone, the _____ is part of the ankle joint

169
Q

the ____ bone is a good landmark because of its long rectangular shape

170
Q

this bone, the ____ articulates with the first metatarsal

A

medial cuniform

171
Q

the ____ articulates with the second metatarsal

A

intermediate cuniform

172
Q

the ______ articulates with the third metatarsal

A

lateral cuneiform

173
Q

this square shaped bone, the ____ is almost as thick as it is wide

174
Q

the _____ forms the heel of the foot

175
Q

stress facture

A

is a small crack in a bone or serve bruising within a bone
- it is NOT a complete break
- caused by overuse and repetitive activity

176
Q

where do stress fractures occur

A

in bones with weight bearing functions
- second and third metatarsal bones of the foot recieve the greatest impact of force as you push ass when walking/running
-

177
Q

symtpom of stress fracture

A

pain that worsens with weight bearing activity, and dimishes during rest
- swelling
- difficulty walking and performing low impact activities (climbing stairs)
- can be difficult to see on x-ray due to their size

178
Q

what is the ankle joint

A

is a synovial joint located in the lower limb

179
Q

what makes the ankle joint

A

bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) articualting with the foot (talus)
- tibia and fibula together form a joint in which the talus sits

180
Q

what does the ankle joint do

A

hinge joint permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot
- strengthened by tendons and ligament

181
Q

what do ligament of the foot and ankle do

182
Q

ligaments of the foot

A
  • deltoid
  • spring
  • plantar fascia
183
Q

what does the deltoid ligament do

A

help stabilize the ankle during plantar flexion, external rotation and pronation of the foot to prevent overstrtching of muscles

184
Q

where is the deltoid ligament

A

runs between the tibia and talus

185
Q

what does the spring ligament do

A

(calcaneonavicular) stabilizes the medial longitudinal arch and the talus

186
Q

where is the spring ligament

A

runs between the navicular and calcaneus bone

187
Q

what is the longest ligament in the foot

A

planatar fascia

188
Q

what does the plantar fascia do

A

thick fascia helps support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

189
Q

deltoid ligament sprain

A

caused by sudden rotation o the ankle

190
Q

symptoms of deltoid ligament sprain

A
  • pain of medial ankle
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • damage to ligament and surrounding structures
  • difficulty walking
  • bearing weight
191
Q

what can the muscles in the foot be divided into

A

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

192
Q

intrinsic muscles of the foot location

A
  • sole of the foot
193
Q

function of the intrinsic muscles of foot

A

stabilize the arches of the foot
- individually control movement of the digitis

194
Q

where are extrinsic muscles/location

A

arise from the anterior, posterior, and lateral, compartment of the leg

195
Q

function of extrinsic muscles

A
  • eversion
  • inversion
  • plantar flexion
  • dorsiflexion
196
Q

tibialis posterior muscles

A

is an important extrinsic muscle attaching onto the navicular in the foot

197
Q

posterior tibial tendonitis

A
  • very important tendon of the leg functioning to support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot during walking
198
Q

what can cause posterior tibial tendonitis

A
  • acute injury
  • fall
  • overuse
    can tear it or become inflamed
199
Q

what usually happens with posterior tibial tendontitis

A

the medial longitudinal arch may slowly fall (collapse) over time

200
Q

symptoms of posterior tibial tendinitis’s

A
  • pain around foot and ankle
  • swollen, warm, red
  • prone to rolling medially (ankle) and toes and foot rotate laterally
201
Q

what 2 main arteries supply the ankle and foot

A
  • dorsalis pedis artery
  • posterior tibial artery
202
Q

where does the dorsalis pedis artery come from and supply

A
  • branch of the anterior tibial artery
  • supplies the dorsum of the foot
203
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery supply

A

plantar surface of the foot

204
Q

what is the dorsal surface of the foot drained by

A

dorsal venous arch

205
Q

what does the dorsal venous arch drain into

A

small saphenous vein laterally and the great saphenous vein medially

206
Q

what does the dorsal venous arch drain

A

distal surfaces of the foot, such as the toes, via smaller branches

207
Q

varicose veins

A
  • are twisted, enlarges veins caused by weak or damaged valves in the veins
  • can cause backflow and pooling of blood in the vein
  • causing them to stretch or twist
208
Q

early stages of varicose veins

A
  • simply a cosmetic concern
209
Q

lateral stages of varicose veins

A

can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as aching pain and discomfort due to the pooling of the blood
- possible permanent damage to the veins

210
Q

innervation to the ankle and foot

A

tibial nerve
deep fibular nerve
superficial fibular nerve

211
Q

where does the tibial nerve travel

A

descends in the posterior compartment of the leg supplying the muscles and enters the foot

212
Q

what does the tibial nerve innervate

A

intrinsic muscles of the plantar surface of foot

213
Q

where does the deep fibular nerve travel

A

descends into the anterior compartment of the leg

214
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve suuply

A

muscles and part of the skin on the dorsum of foot

215
Q

where does the superficial fibular nerve travel

A

descends in the lateral compartment of the leg

216
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve supply

A

muscles and the skin of the lower anterior leg and most skin on the dorsum of the foot

217
Q

tibial nerve dysfunction

A

occurs when there is damage to the tibial nerve, which supplies muscles of the leg
- loss of movement or sensation in the foot
- caused from trauma, continuous pressure on the nerve for a long period of tome, pressure on the nerve from nearby structures and overuse

218
Q

symptoms of tibial nerve dysfunction

A

changes in sensation to the skin on the sole of the foot (burning, numbness, tingling)
- pain in sole of foot and toes
- changes in motor innervation can manifest as weakness of muscles that plantarflex the foot at the ankle joint

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions