Module 4: Fetal Development

Question 1

Gonads

Answer 1

Differentiate during the end of the embryonic period

Question 2

Sry Gene

Answer 2

Presence leads to development of male external gentitalia

Question 3

Leydig cells

Answer 3

Produce testosterone and develop mesonephric ducts in males

Question 4

Sertoli cells

Answer 4

Degenerate paramesonephric ducts in males

Question 5

MIS

Answer 5

prevents female structures by degenerating paramesonephric ducts

Question 6

Testosterone absence

Answer 6

Absence leads to the to the development of female external genitalia

Question 7

Mesonephric Ducts

Answer 7

Develop into epididymis and vas deferens in males

Question 8

Paramesonephric ducts

Answer 8

Develop into fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina in females

Question 9

External genitalia

Answer 9

Become visually distinguishable between weeks 12-4

Question 10

Umbilical arteries

Answer 10

carry deoxygenated blood from fetal abdomen to the whenua

Question 11

Umbilical vein

Answer 11

returns oxygenated blood from whenua to fetus

Question 12

Ductus Venosus

Answer 12

Shunts blood flow from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava

Question 13

Foramen Ovale

Answer 13

Allows blood flow from right atrium to left atrium, bypassing lungs

Question 14

Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 14

Connects pulmonary artery to aortic arch, bypassing lungs

Question 15

Heart rate (HR)

Answer 15

Higher in fetus (120-180bom) compare to adults

Question 16

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 16

Higher in fetus to meet metabolic demands

Question 17

Blood pressure (BP)

Answer 17

Lower in the fetus due to lower resistance in circulation

Question 18

Surfactant Production

Answer 18

Reduces lung surface tension, vital for beathing at birth

Question 19

Nephron Development

Answer 19

Begins around 8 weeks and progresses towards the cortex

Question 20

Glomerular filtration

Answer 20

Begins at 9 weeks and increases until 35 weeks

Question 21

Tubular Function

Answer 21

Reabsorption and secretion functions start between 9-12 weeks

Question 22

Meconium

Answer 22

Present in the GI tract by 10-12 weeks and in the large intestine by 16 weeks

Question 23

Lover and Pancreas development

Answer 23

Liver grows rapidly but matures slowly, bile synthesis occurs late