Module 4 (chapter 11, 12 and 13) - organic chemistry Flashcards
Hydrocarbon
A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
Saturated
Compounds with single carbon-carbon bonds only
Unsaturated
Compounds with the presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds including double, triple and aromatic rings
Aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Molecular formula
The number and type of atom of each element in a molecule
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Structural formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
E.g. butane = CH3(CH2)2CH3
Displayed formula
The relative position of atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
The simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from carbon chains leaving the carbon chain and functional group
General formula
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
Alkene
C=C (ene)
Alcohol
OH (ol)
Aldehyde
CHO
Double bonded O and single bonded H on the end of the group
(Al)
Ketone
C=O
(In the middle of a group)
(-one)
Carboxylic Acid
COOH
C double bonded to O and then single bonded to O and H
(-oic Acid)
Amine
NH2
C bonded to N and then N bonded to two hydrogens
(Amine)
Chloro/bromo/iodo alkane
Cl, Br, I
- replaces a hydrogen
- chloro, bromo, iodo before alkane
Structural isomer
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula (e.g. but-1-ene and but-2-ene)
Benzene ring and how is it drawn?
Six carbons all joined in a cyclical structure
-extra electrons form delocalised rings around it as each carbon should form 4 bonds but only 3 are shown. This is shown by a centralised circle in the compound
Alkyl
A stem meaning not all atoms are connected in a single chain