Module 4 (ch. 17) Flashcards
Smallpox
could be used as a threat or spread on purpose to individuals
Disaster
When destruction exceeds the ability of victims to respond effectively. Overwhelmed emergency response
Natural Disasters
A disaster caused by natural events or brought on by nature
Man-made disasters
Created by human activity; Includes shootings, bombings, riots, nuclear reactor meltdowns, industrial accidents, oil spills, construction accidents, and air, train, bus, and subway crashes.
Combination Disaster
Man-made disasters often follow natural disasters.
types of casualties - Casualty
1 person affected
Types of casualties - Multiple-casualty
2 - 100 people affected
Types of casualties - Mass -casualty
> 100 people affected
- mass casualty completely overwhelms the resources thus preparedness is essential.
Scope
range of its effect f
Intensity
Level of destruction and devastation it causes
Example of high scope and low intensity
Earthquake that spreads across one state but the damage is low
Example of low scope and high intensity
9/11 a small location but the impact was huge
Persons impacted by disasters
Directly impacted
* Dead
* Survivor (with or without injuries)
* Displaced persons (Katrina victims brought to Conway)
* Refugee (having to flee homeland due to war or persecution)
Indirectly impacted
* extreme anguish ( 9/11)
Disaster Contributing Factors
Host
Agent
Environment
examples on ppt
Host
The human being who experiences the disaster (happening to them)
Agent
Causes the disaster
Environment
Potentially contribute to or mitigate a disaster
make the disaster worse or make a disaster better/manageable
Agencies for disaster management
Department of Homeland Security
- FEMA - established in 1979 (federal emergency management agency)
- State and local (county) offices of emergency management
- OEM (office of emergency management)
- Faulkner county; Pg: 484
Phases of Disaster Management
- Prevention (mitigation) - identify risks and implement programs to prevent disasters before they occur. example –
- Preparedness – improving responses to disasters so effects are minimized - mock disaster drills, disaster plans
- Response – immediate response - search and rescue, triage
- Recovery – repair, rebuild, relocate, restore to health - reconstruction, government assistance to individuals, clean up
CHN Role in Preventing Disaster (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Primary prevention: prevent disaster from every occurring
Secondary Prevention: early detection and treatment (immediate and effective response)
Tertiary Prevention: reduces amount and degree of disability or damage
CHN Role in Preparing for Disasters
- Personal Preparedness
- Rebecca Anderson, OKC Bombing
- National Incident Management System (NIMS)
- Assessment
- Establishing authority, communication, & transportation
- Mobilizing, warning and evacuating
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
A systemic, proactive approach to managing all threats and hazards. The goal to bring every group and agency together working in one common direction.
CHN role in responding to mass/multiple casualty disasters
- rescue
- triage
- immediate treatment
- Care for the dead
CHN Role for recovery
- long term treatment
- long term support
- need for self-care
- critical incident stress debriefing
- CISD provides relief workers with professional debriefing in small groups or individually and becomes a way to reconcile emotionally. This should be offered 24-72 hours after the incident. *
Psychological Consequences
- Acute stress disorder (only lasts a month)
- Depression
- PTSD (know the symptoms)
PTSD symptoms
flashbacks, and nightmares, irritable or aggressive behavior reckless or self-destructive behavior hypervigilance exaggerated startle response problems with concentration difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep, persistent fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities feelings of detachment or estrangement from others persistent inability to experience positive emotions
Psych (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Primary: teaching stress management and resilience
Secondary: debriefing, crisis intervention (short-term, 6 weeks)
Tertiary: Recognition and treatment for DSM -IV - TR’s acute stress disorder or PTSD
Terrorism - nuclear warfare
Nuclear bombs and other substances
Terrorism - chemical warfare
- Explosives, nerve agents, blister agents, choking agents, and riot-control agents
- Causes confusion, debilitation, death, and destruction
Terrorism - Biologic warfare
- cause multiple illnesses and death
- Categorized as A, B, or C agents (chart)
- outcome: fear, death, destruction
- the use of toxins of biological origin or microorganisms as weapons of war.*
Terrorism
unlawful violence used to further political or social agendas
CHN role in terrorism (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Primary prevention
- Alert to surroundings and vigilant to report any suspicious activity
- Disaster plan
Secondary prevention
- Recognize nuclear, chemical, and biological illnesses
- Communicate effectively
- Direct care of survivors
Tertiary prevention
- Coping and recovering from the aftermath
- Dealing with the life-long fear which follows
Become prepared by….
Now
- Online course (4 FEMA courses)
- Volunteer as a victim
- Volunteer for the American Red Cross or Medical Reserve Corps
As an RN
- Register with the Arkansas Volunteer Registry
- Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT)
- Become a public health nurse
