Module 2 (Ch. 15) Flashcards
What is a community?
- common characteristics
- bound by time
- interaction amongst members
- connections
3 essential characteristics of PHN
- community-oriented
- population-focused
- relationship based
Community oriented
aids in the goals, values, and beliefs of the community (interacts)
population oriented
a group of people that share one common interest
Relationship oriented
connect with relationship/communicate with the client. Trustworthy, education, implement.
purpose of theories and models for C/PHN
higher level of thinking than those that came before us
theory -> concepts -> conceptual model
Nightingale (powerful force of flo)
- our foundation (nursing and especially PHN)
- Focused on preventive care
- death rate 420/1000 soldiers - her first 2 months
- rate reduced 22/1000 soldiers - after 6 months
- she studied how the environment effects the patients
Neuman’s Health Care Systems Model
- system perspective on relationships between people, environment, nursing care & health
- Circular boundaries representing resistance and defenses which protect against environmental stressors
Salmon’s Construct for PHN (model)
- describes the focus of PH & guides PHN in providing care according to 3 priorities and 3 categories of intervention
Minnesota Wheel - The PH Interventions Model
- Presents PHN as a specialty
- explains how PHN improves population health
Public Health Nursing Practice Model (LAC PHN)
- Clarifies and guides PH practice
- Blends PHN practice and PH principles
- Public Health Nursing Standards of Practice
- 10 essential public health services
- 12 leading health indicators (from healthy people 2030)
- Minnesota Public Health Nursing Interventions Model
Adhere to 8 Principles of Public Health Nursing
- focus on community
- give priority to community needs
- work in partnership with the people
- focus on primary prevention
- promote a healthful environment
- Target all who might benefit
- Promote optimum allocation of resources
- collaborate with others in the community
Healthy Community
Healthy People 2030
- USDHHS published 5 main goals
National Prevention Strategy (NPS)
- Directions and priorities derived from healthy people 2030
- The roadmap to meeting the health prevention goals
Strategic directions
- core recommendations p.423
Healthy Community Priorities
- tobacco free living
- drug and alcohol use prevention
- healthy eating
- active living
- injury and violence free living
- reproductive and sexual health
- mental and emotional well-being
Dimensions of the community as a client
Another perspective:
- Location: (community boundaries, location of health services, geographic features, climate, flora, fauna, human-made environment)
- Population: (size, density, composition, rate of growth or decline, cultural characteristics, social class and educational level, mobility)
- Social System: (health, family, economic, educational, religion, welfare, political, recreational, legal, and communication)
health care delivery system is of central importance
Applying the Nursing Process
- use to problem-solve, manage, and implement change
- quad council core competencies (expected roles of the PHN)
- Deliberative, adaptable, cyclical, client focused, interactive, and need oriented
Developing a relationship with clients
- one to aggregate approach
- partnerships
- coalitions
Community Assessment
- 1st step
- Necessary for public health accreditation and required by the affordable care act
- 2 steps process
- collect pertinent data
- Analyze and interpret data
Assessment type - Familiarization/windshield survey
studying data already available on a community and then gathering a certain amount of firsthand data in order to gain a working knowledge of the community.
Problem-oriented assessment
begins with a single problem and assesses the community, the nurse would identify resources, programs, and support networks of potential benefit to the family.
community subsystem assessment
C/PHN focuses on a single dimension of community life. for example, the nurse might decide to survey churches and religious organizations to discover their roles in the community.
Comprehensive assessment
seeks to discover all relevant community health information. it begins with a review of existing studies and all the data presently available on the community.
Community assets assessment
Focuses on the strengths of a community and evaluates the needs that exist, the goals to be achieved, and the resources needed to carry out a study.
Surveys
an assessment method in which a series of questions is used to collect data for analysis of a specific area or group.