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Community Nursing > Module 3 (Ch. 23, 26, 27) > Flashcards

Module 3 (Ch. 23, 26, 27) Flashcards

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1
Q

Working with vulnerable populations

A
  1. Vulnerability
  2. Socioeconomic resources
  3. Human vs Social vs Environmental
  4. Relative Risk
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2
Q

Human Capital

A

Jobs, income, knowledge, housing, skills

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3
Q

Social Capital

A

people you have around you (social ties)

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4
Q

Environmental

A

Access to and quality of health care

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5
Q

Who is considered vulnerable?

A
  • Usually a subpopulation or smaller group of a large population susceptible to poor health.
  • Why?
    Higher morbidity and mortality rates
    Less access to health care
    Shorter life expectancy
    Overall diminished quality of life
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6
Q

Factors that are related to vulnerability - Poverty

A

Stress; leads to unhealthy choices (smoking, drinking, etc)

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7
Q

Factors related to vulnerability - uninsured/underinsured

A

less likely to go to the doctor and then it leads to more medical bills in the future

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8
Q

factors related to vulnerability - Race/ethnicity

A

HIV, preterm birth, infant mortality, heart failure, and hypertension

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9
Q

Social Determinants of health

A

everything around you; education, health care environment, social/community, economic/income

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10
Q

Socioeconomic gradient of health

A

Adequate resources your health will be better

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11
Q

Inequality in health care - health disparities

A 
Access to care 
quality of care 
cultural barriers 
quantity of disease
burden of disease
adverse health conditions
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12
Q

Role of community/public health nurses

A 
Empowerment
facilitating external support
using evidence to reduce vulnerability
- improvement of: 
    * Health literacy 
    * Access to nursing services 
    * Health and public policy
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13
Q

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Homeless

A

Those living on the streets, in vehicles, in shelters or transitional housing, or facing immanent eviction.

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14
Q

Definition McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act - Homeless

A

A person who lacks a fixed adequate nightly residence; homeless children are abandoned in hospitals, awaiting foster care placement, share housing, living in motels, RV trailer parks, or campgrounds.

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15
Q

Scope of the problem (Homelessness)

A

Point in time - number on a specific night at a specific time
Period Prevalence - Prevalence measured over time.

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16
Q

Homelessness Demographic Characteristics

A

Age: 88% are adults over 24 years old
Gender: 61% are male
Ethnicity - based on geographic location (usually white males)
Families - 33% of homeless population are families with children

17
Q

Predisposing Factors

A
  • Poverty
  • Lack of affordable health care
  • employment
  • domestic violence
  • mental illness
  • addiction disorders
18
Q

Subpopulations of homelessness- men

A

Single, chronically homeless, more likely to be treated with disdain

19
Q

Homeless subpopulations - women

A

lead most homeless families as a single parent, caused by domestic violence

20
Q

homeless subpopulations - children

A

more likely to become ill, experience emotional/behavioral disorders, have development delays and learning disabilities. Have compromised educations.
1 in 30 children are homeless

21
Q

Homeless subpopulations - youth

A

run away or evicted by parents, resort to survival sex (sex for money)

22
Q

homeless subpopulations - veterans

A

9% of homeless adults, US department of Veteran Affairs working to end

23
Q

Homeless subpopulations - rural

A

likely to be living in cars, standard housing, or “ doubling up”

24
Q

Homeless subpopulations - Older adults

A

4.7% 62 y/o, live on a fixed income

25
Q

Homeless subpopulations - LGBTQ

A

may experience difficulty finding accepting shelters, more likely to be victim of violence, abuse or exploitations (also use survival sex)

26
Q

Health care and the homeless

A
  • HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and heart disease are 3-6 times more prevalent
  • Higher rates of oral disease
  • Difficult to adhere to complex treatment plans
27
Q

Resources to combat homelessness - public

A
  • McKinney-Vento Homeless Act
  • US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
  • Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH)
28
Q

Resources to Combat Homelessness - Private

A
  • Effort made to organize communities against homelessness by forming coalitions, alliances, and memberships
29
Q

Role of Community/Public Health Nurses

A
  • Comprehensive and holistic approach
  • Primary Prevention: advocating for affordable housing, employment opportunities, and better access to health care.
  • Secondary: early detection and treatment of adverse health conditions
  • Tertiary: attempt to limit disability and restore maximum function
    As a nurse:
  • no bias
  • seek homeless out
  • be trustworthy
30
Q

Definition of Rural

A
  • US Department of Agriculture
  • Nonmetropolitan area as a combination of:
    • Open countryside
    • Towns fewer than 2,500 residents
    • Urban areas with 2,500 to 49,999 residents
  • Text
    • Communities with fewer than 10,000 residents and country population density < 1,000 person/square mile
31
Q

Frontier area - Varied Definitions

A
  • Sparsely populated, < 6 people per square mile
  • > 60 miles/minutes to nearest 75 bed hospital
  • level based on good/services available
  • health issues increased by:
    • health professional shortage areas
    • Medically underserved area
    • Medically underserved populations
32
Q

Population characteristics

A
  • 16% of population is rural areas
  • lower poverty rates, less likely to have bachelors degree
  • decreased access to broadband
  • higher % of elderly and chronic illness
  • poor access to health care
33
Q

Rural Health Issues

A
  • Built environment
  • barriers to health care access
  • major health problems:
    • Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD
34
Q

Approaches to Improve Health Care Access in Rural Areas

A
  • insurance, managed care, and health care services:
    • Fee for service
    • Use of family practice clinics
    • Rural health clinics
  • Faith-based nursing
  • Mobile health clinics
  • School based clinics
  • Telehealth
35
Q

Role of C/PHN in Rural Setting

A
  • advocate
  • coordinator/case manager
  • health teacher
  • referral agent
  • mentor
  • change agent/researcher
  • collaborator
  • activist
36
Q

Migrant Lifestyle

A

Migrant- person who moves from one place to another usually to find work or better living conditions
Demographics
- Mobile population; 33% are U.S. citizens, mostly male; rely on farm labor for survival
Lifestyle
- Many are unauthorized or illegal immigrants
- Afflicted by poverty, poor nutrition, substandard housing, extended working hours, grueling/unsafe working conditions
- Varied economic, cultural, and language barriers

37
Q

Health problems and issues in the migrant population

A 
Most common diagnoses include hypertension, diabetes, otitis media, depression/mode disorders
Occupational hazards
Pesticide exposure
Substandard housing, crowding
Poor sanitation
Poor nutrition, overweight, obesity
Risks to social, emotional, and behavioral health
Intimate partner violence
Infectious diseases
38
Q

Methods to improve health care in the migrant community

A

Improving existing services
Advocating and networking
- Migrant education programs
Utilizing unique methods of health care delivery
- Mobile health vans with bilingual nurses
- Peer-led health instruction/coaching via charlas
Improved health data information systems
Practicing cultural sensitivity
Using lay personnel for community outreach

39
Q

Community health nursing in Urban areas

A

Benefits
- Higher salaries
- More opportunities for advancement, education
- More nurses, schools of nursing, recruitment
- Diverse work settings
Roles: advocate, collaborator, educator, partner, policy-maker, and researcher
Self-assessment
Improving access
Strengthening communities

Community Nursing (4 decks)

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