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MIDTERMS > MODULE 4 - CC LEC > Flashcards

MODULE 4 - CC LEC Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivates

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Basis of the carbohydrates is the location__

A

carboxyl functional group

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3
Q

Carbohydrates __ to the cell membrane and determines __ of some molecules specifically blood groups

A

Structural integrity, antigenicity

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4
Q

are the determinants of blood type of one person

A

carbohydrates or sugars that coat the rbc

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5
Q

explain why carbohydrates or sugars that coats the rbc are determinants of blood type of a person

A

because the antigens for ABO blood group is at the surface of the rbc so in determining ABO blood group, we relate sugar found in the surface of the rbc

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6
Q

is a type of carbohydrate from plant products
commonly in the form of STARCH (ex rice)

A

exogenous carbohydrates

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7
Q

Is also called animal starch, often disintegrates upon death of animal

A

glycogen, thats why eating meat products are not good becasuse it has broken down carbs

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8
Q

Excess carbohydrate that is stored in the liver and your muscles in the form of glycogen

A

Endogenous carbohydrates

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9
Q

Explain what will happen when there is excess amount of CHO that we intake

A

When we intake excess amounts of carbohydrates than what the body needs, it will be converted into fat which will be stored in the adipose tissue and glycogen which will be stored in the liver and muscles

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9
Q

Explain what will happen when there is excess amount of CHO that we intake

A

When we intake excess amounts of carbohydrates than what the body needs, it will be converted into fat which will be stored in the adipose tissue and glycogen which will be stored in the liver and muscles

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10
Q

Muscle glycogen can be used by other tissues if there is lack of glucose from other tissues T/F

A

FALSE. Muscle glycogen are onky available in the muscles meaning that the muscle glycogen cannot be converted back to glucose and use it for other tissues

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11
Q

So we all know that fats are excess CHO stored in the adipose tissue. Can we convert back fats if we lack glucose in the body?

A

YES. If glucose level lowers, we can convert back fats in adipose tissue to glucose to use for energy.

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12
Q

What are the basis of CHO classification

A
  1. size of base carbon chain
  2. Location of CO function group
  3. Number of sugar units
  4. Stereochemistry of compound
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13
Q

3 base carbon chains

A

trioses

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14
Q

4 base carbon chain

A

tetroses

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15
Q

5 base carbon chains

A

pentoses

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16
Q

6 base carbon chains

A

hexoses

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17
Q

Simplest and smallest carbohydrate and has only 3 carbon coumpound (triose)

A

Glyceraldehyde

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18
Q

LOCATION OF CO FUNCTIONAL GROUP
has terminal aldehyde group

A

Aldose

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19
Q

LOCATION OF CO FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Ketone group in the middle

A

ketose

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20
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrates

A

monosacccharides

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21
Q

2 monosaccharides being linked together by a glycosidic linkage

A

disaccharides

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22
Q

links 2 saccharides

A

glycosidic linkage

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23
Q

Monosaccharides are composed of: (glg)

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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24
Monosaccharides found in sucrose
glucose and fructose
25
Monosaccharides found in lactose
glucose and galactose
26
Monosaccharides found in maltose
2 glucose molecules
27
Formed by linkages of many monosaccharide units
polysaccharides
28
polysaccharides are composed of
starch, cellulose, glycogen
29
Usual carbohydrate taken up by body is in form of __ from __ products
starch, plant
30
Form of carbohydrate that as it enters until it goes out of the body, it still is in the same form
cellulose
31
explain why cellulose is not changed even if enters and goes out of the body
because there is no enzyme necessary to degrade cellulose into simpler products
32
Major component of stool
cellulose
33
Cleaves to starch breaks down glycosidic linkages converts smaller molecules
salivary amylase
34
Salivary amylase is between ___ and very effective if its ph is ___.
5.8-7.0, alkaline
35
Amylase convert starch into ____
starch dextrins
36
salivary amylase require ___ from mouth to help break down starch
Chloride ions
37
Salivary amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of __ in starch, glycogen and dextrin and convert them to ___ maltose and oligosaccharides
a-1,4 glycosidic linkages; maltose, oligosaccharides
38
Responsible for acidic ph in the stomach
parietal cells of stomach
39
Carbohydrate digestion occurs when chyme reaches ___ of small intestine
duodenum
40
Carbohydrate digestion continues to the duodenum due to the action of __
pancreatic amylase
41
also called pancreatic amylase
amylopsin, alpha amylase
42
digestion happens when there is acidic ph t/f
false, alkaline
43
2nd digestion happens in the _
small intestine
44
Important source of energy for many vital organs especially in cases of starvation
ketone bodies
45
fatty acids are brought to the liver where they are converted to __
acetyl coA
46
Conversion of glucose to glycogen
glycogenesis
47
Reverse process, breakdown of glycogen to glucose
glycogenolysis
48
Formation of glucose from non-ccarbohydrate sources such as amino acids, glycerol or lactate
gluconeogenesis
49
Conversion of glucose into lactate and pyruvate
glycolysis
50
Oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water occurs through the ___ which produces the reduced form of NADPH
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Pathway
51
Only carbohydrate used for energy
glucose
52
What are your intermediate products
Pyruvate acid, Lactic acid, Acetyl CoA
53
Glucose is converted to __ using ATP
Glucose-6-phosphate
54
Involves in the maintenance of of glucose levels or metabolism of carbohydrate
pancreas
55
Secretes insulin, glucagon and somastatin from cells found in alpha, beta and delta islets of langerhans in the pancreas
Endocrine glands
56
Produces and secretes amylase responsible for breakdown of ingested complex carbohydrates
Exocrine glands
57
Synthesized by beta cells of islets of langerhans and is the primary hormone resonsible for entry of glucose into the cell
insulin
58
Insulin promotes conversion of glucose to fats
Lipogenesis
59
peptidehormone with mass of 5800 daltons consists of 51 amino acids
insulin
60
Primary hormone for increasing glucose
glycogen
61
differentiate type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
type 1 has autoimmune antibodies specifically GAD65 and IAA that attacks beta cells thus leading to low insulin productio type 2 its either there is no damage to beta cells but to the receptors. ur body either does not make enough insulin or u are insulin resistant

MIDTERMS (6 decks)

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