Module 4: Canadian Healthcare System Flashcards
Health care in Canada flow chart pg.5
Canadian Health Act -> Federal Jurisdiction -> Provincial Jurisdiction -> Health Authority -> Site Specific -> Self-regulation
Canada’s Healthcare system
- Socialized health insurance plans.
- Provides coverage to all Canadian citizens through Medicare.
- Provides medication coverage through Pharmacare.
- Publicly funded and Privately provided.
- Administered on a provincial or territorial basis.
What is Canada Health Transfer?
Canada Health Transfer
Money the Federal government provided for provinces and territories.
Eliminated if user charges or extra billing.
- The 2 provisions of the CHA
- The 2 conditions of the CHA
Who sets guidelines in Canada?
- Guidelines set by the federal government.
- Individual citizens are provided preventative care and
medical treatments from primary care physicians as well as
access to hospitals, dental surgery and additional medical
services.
Who qualifies for health coverage in Canada?
- With a few exceptions, all citizens qualify for health coverage
regardless of medical history, personal income, or standard of
living.
What is the ongoing debate about Canadian Healthcare System? What would happen?
Subject of political controversy and debate.
- is it efficient?
- is care delivered in a timely fashion?
- should we advocate for adopting a private system similar to the United States?
- BUT privatization would lead to inequalities in the health system with only the
wealthy being able to afford certain treatments. - Regardless of the political debate, Canada does boast one of the highest life
expectancies (about 80 years) and lowest infant morality rates of
industrialized countries, which many attribute to Canada’s health care system.
PG 10
What are the principles of the Canadian Health Act?
Public Administration: All administration of provincial health insurance
must be carried out by a public authority on a non-profit basis. They also
must be accountable to the province or territory, and their records and
accounts are subject to audits.
Comprehensiveness: All necessary health services, including hospitals,
physicians and surgical dentists, must be insured.
Universality: All insured residents are entitled to the same level of health
care.
Portability: A resident that moves to a different province or territory is still
entitled to coverage from their home province during a minimum waiting
period. This also applies to residents who leave the country.
Accessibility: All insured persons have reasonable access to health care
facilities. In addition, all physicians, hospitals, etc, must be provided
reasonable compensation for the services they provide
What are the Federal responsibilities of Canada Health Act?
-Canada Health Act Principles
-Finance Provincial/Territorial
-Support Targeted Groups
-Policy and Programming
What are the provincial/territorial responsibilities of Canada Health Act?
- Insurance Plans
- Insurable Health Care Services
- Organization of Health Care Services
- Reimbursement and Co-payment
What is the Indigenous Health Act?
1985- Federal role for HC for First Nations and Inuit
* Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and Crown-Indigenous Relations
and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) were created.
* Treaties- direct services to Indigenous peoples including primary
health care and emergency. Focus is for R&R areas where
province/territory services may not be available, community and
noninsured benefits
* Self-government is a right as in the Canadian Constitution Act (1982)
What has been occurring as a result of TRC?
2015 the TRC
94 reports- 7 directed at health includes the following
concepts:
* Sustainable funding
* Cultural healing practices
* Cultural competency/ safety training
* Increase Indigenous professionals
How is Canadian Healthcare paid for?
- Taxes- “single payor” (Health Canada, 2023, p. 5)
- Gov’t payments
- Federal payments
- Provincial/Territorial
- Insurance
- Out-of-pocket
What are the levels of care? (3)
Institutional,
Community / Volunteer,
Private
What are the types of health care delivery? (5)
Health Promotion
Disease and Injury Prevention
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rehabilitation
Supportive Care
Why do we need to transform healthcare?
- fragmented healthcare
- changing workforce
- increasing volume and complexity of patients
What is the integrated system of care? What are the levels?
Inner circle: patient medical home:
-patient
-doctor/nurse practitioner
-medical office assistant
Middle circle: primary care network:
-therapist
-pharmacist
-dietitian
-nurse
-social worker
Hospitals and Diagnostic Services
Community Agent Services
Urgent and Primary Care Services
Long term care Services
Interior Health Specialized Community and Public Health Services
What are the professional standards of nurses?
Ethical Practice
Professional Responsibility and Accountability
Knowledge-based Practice
Client-focused Provision of Services
Canada Healthcare System: Nurses
Largest human resource - self-regulated
Health Authority: IHA
Site specific
Educational Program Regulations
Personal Competencies
Types of healthcare delivery: institutional
- hospital
- LTC
- psychiatric
- rehabilitation
Types of healthcare delivery: community/volunteer
- PH and HCC
- physician office
- healthcare centre/clinic
- assisted living
- occupational health
- adult day programs
- hospice/palliative
- parish nursing
Types of healthcare delivery: private
Many of the same as
institutional and
community/volunteer.
- hospitals
- LTC
- HCC
- rehabilitation
- MH services
- OT
- diagnostic services
Umbrella of Health: branches and agency
PHAC - Public Health Agency of Canada (SARS
response)
* CIHR – Canadian Institute of Health Research
* HPFB – Health Products & Food Branch
* HECSB – Healthy Environment & Consumer
Safety Branch
* FNIHB – First Nations & Inuit Health Branch
What is the purpose of the umbrella of health?
Provides a safeguard of care
through: Surveillance,
Prevention, Legislation,
Research
