Module 2: History of Canadian Healthcare Flashcards
History, Milestones, Health Promotion
What are the 12 Great Achievements in Public Healthcare?
(Canadian Health Milestones)
1) Control of infectious diseases
2) Safer Workplaces
3) Motor Vehicle Safety
4) Safer and Healthier Food
5) Decline in Deaths from Cardiovascular Disease
6) Recognition of Tobacco use as a Health Hazard
7) Healthier mothers and babies
8) Universal policies (benefits awarded solely on the basis of age,
residence, or citizenship, without reference to the recipient’s
income or assets)
9) Family planning
10) Healthier environments
11) Vaccination
12) Acting on the social determinants of health.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Acting on Social Determinants of Health)
1) Acting on Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
Recognition that health is influenced by many factors outside
the health care system has strengthened public health’s
commitment and leadership in activities that address the broad determinants of health, such as income, education, early
childhood development and social connections.
Examples of Programs:
- Family allowance programs
- Unemployment
- 1986: Canada hosted the first International Conference on Health
Promotion, at which the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was presented.
This Charter called on national governments to establish health promotion
strategies and programs. - 2003 - The first and only supervised injection site in North America, InSite,
opened in Vancouver in September 2003. I don’t remember at allllkllll!!!!!!
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Control of Infectious Diseases)
(2) Control of infectious Diseases
- There are many different infectious diseases – from anthrax to
West Nile virus – and controlling their spread has been a
fundamental goal since the beginning of public health in
Canada. - 1867 - Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in Canada
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke)
(3) Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and
stroke
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates have been declining
steadily in Canada since the mid-1960s. The 1997 death rates
were almost half those of 1969. - Canada is a world leader in treatment and control of hypertension
However presently - There is also concern that CVD could increase because of
increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes, which are two risk factors for
CVD.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Family planning)
(4) Family planning
- Women have long been attempting to control when to have children through birth control and other techniques. Waiting until the mother is at least 18 years old before trying to have a child improves maternal and child health and it is healthier to wait at least two years after a previous birth before conceiving the child
- 1960 – birth control (following a ww 2 baby boom)
Jan 28, 1988 Abortion being illegal was struck down –
unconstitutional to rights of women
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Healthier environments)
(5) Healthier environments
- Canadian environmental policies have helped to increase the
community’s health and to dramatically reduce toxic emissions
such as lead and mercury.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Healthier mothers and babies)
(6) Healthier mothers and babies
In the early 1900s, many major health threats were associated
with poor maternal and infant health. Today, the health of
mothers and children in Canada is among the best in the world.
Lots of programs – no smoking / breast feeding
Maternity leave – strong (EI) 600 hours in 52 weeks = 12 months/ 18 months
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Motor-vehicle safety)
(7) Motor-vehicle safety
In 1998, Canada’s road fatality rate was ranked ninth among
the 29 member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard)
(8) Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
Canada has made more progress in tobacco control in recent
years than most other countries in the world and has seen a
dramatic decline in tobacco consumption, along with a
pervasive shift in attitudes.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Safer and healthier foods)
(9) Safer and healthier foods
Canada is well known worldwide for its safe and high-quality
food.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Safer workplacts)
(10) Safer workplaces
Well into the 1900s, many diseases or injuries were associated
with unsafe workplaces or hazardous occupations. The rate of
work-related injury has been steadily declining since 1988–
from 40 injuries among every 1,000 workers in 1988 to 20 per
1,000 in 2006.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Universal policies)
(11) Universal policies
The term “universal” generally applies to benefits that are
awarded solely on the basis of age, residence or citizenship,
without reference to the recipient’s income or assets. Universal
programs for income maintenance, social welfare services and
health care services have helped Canadians maintain a high
standard of living and of health.
What are the 12 Health Achievements of Canada? (Vaccination)
(12) Vaccination
One hundred years ago, infectious diseases were the leading
cause of death worldwide. In Canada, they now cause less
than 5% of all deaths–thanks in part to immunization programs.
How do lenses affect how you see the world and what influences the lenses?
Lenses include:
- Previous experience in the world - good and
bad - Upbringing
- Culture
- Gender
- Socioeconomic background
- What else can influence how you see the
world?
How you practice nursing will depend on your definition of
health and healing and what it means to you to be healthy
and maintain or achieve health.
social environmental definition of health
Physiological/ psychosocial/ behavioural = client health status
What are the historical approaches to health enhancement?
Biomedical, Behavioural, Socio-environmental
Biomedical: absence of disease or disability
Behavioural: physical functioning ability; physical-emotional well-being
Socioenvironmental: goes beyond physical-emotional wellbeing to include social wellbeing at individual and community levels
Social determinants of health
The social determinants of health = the conditions (non-medical factors) of our lives that influence our health.
“…the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.”
accounts for between 30-55% of health outcomes
9 of the social determinants of health
1) income & income distribution (social status)
2) education & literacy
3) unemployment, job security & working conditions
4) early childhood development
5) physical environment
6) health services
7) gender
8) culture, race, and racism
9) social environments
