Module 4 - Basics of organic chemistry Flashcards
define homologous series
a series of organic compounds having the same functional group
each successive member differing by CH2
define functional group
a group of atoms responsible for a reaction of a compound
what is an aliphatic compound
hydrocarbon in a staright line or branched chain
what is an alicyclic compound
hydrocarbons arranged in a non aromatic ring or without side chains
what is an aromatic compound
hydrocarbon that contains atleast one benzene rings
what does saturated mean
organic compound with single bond
what does unsaturated mean
organic compounds with aleast one carbon=carbon double bonds
what does structural isomerism mean
molecules with same molecular formulas but different structural formula
3 wyas in which structural isomers can be found
diff func group
different pos of alkyl groups or different chain
what are stereoisomers
compounds with same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
what are E/Z isomers
alkenes with w 2 different atoms or 2 group of atoms on the same carbon
E/ trans
OPPOSITE
Z/cis
SAME
what are cis/trans isomers
2 different atoms or groups of atoms on either side of the carbons (dont have to be the same)
Explain how the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules can be used to deduce a compound
identify atomic number for each atom/group of atoms attached to each carbon
highest atomic number on each side is prioritised
identify if it has E/Z isomers
what are sigma bonds
the strongest type of covalent bonds due to the direct overlap of orbitals σ
single bonds
what are pi bonds
sideways overlap of p orbitals π double bond
