Module 4 Flashcards
Alkene to Alkane
Alkene + H2 → Alkane
Conditions:
Ni Catalyst
423K
Mechanism:
Electrophilic Addition
Alkene to Haloalkane
Alkene + Halogen → Haloalkane
Conditions:
Room Temp.
Mechanism:
Electrophilic Addition
Alkene to Haloalkane
Alkene + Hydrogen Halide → Haloalkane
Conditions:
Room Temp.
Mechanism:
Electrophilic Addition
Alkene to Alcohol
Alkene + H2O(g) → Alcohol
Conditions:
Acid Catalyst e.g. H3PO4
Alkane to Haloalkane
Alkane + Halogen → Haloalkane + Hydrogen Halide
Conditions:
UV Radiation
Mechanism:
Radical Substitution
Alcohol to Haloalkane
Alcohol + Hydrogen Halide → Haloalkane + H2O
Conditions:
In presence of con H2SO4 + Sodium Halide
Sodium Halide (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → NaHSO4 (aq) + Hydrogen Halide (aq)
Reflux
Mechanism:
Nucleophilic Substitution
Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
Primary Alcohol + 2[O] → Carboxylic Acid + H2O
Conditions:
Acidified K2Cr2O7 (with H2SO4)
Reflux
Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde
Primary Alcohol + [O] → Aldehyde + H2O
Conditions:
Acidified K2Cr2O7 (with H2SO4)
Distillation
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Secondary Alcohol + [O] → Ketone + H2O
Conditions:
Acidified K2Cr2O7 (with H2SO4)
Reflux
Alcohol to Alkene
Alcohol → Alkene + H2O
Conditions:
Acid Catalyst e.g. con H2SO4 / H3PO4
Reflux
Haloalkane to Alcohol
Haloalkane + NaOH (aq) → Alcohol + Sodium Halide
Conditions:
Reflux
Mechanism:
Nucleophilic Substitution
How CFCs deplete the Ozone Layer
Photodissociation of CF2Cl2
Mechanism:
Radical Substitution
Initiation
CF2Cl2 → CF2Cl• + Cl•
Propagation
Cl• + O3 → ClO• + O2
ClO• + O → Cl• + O2
O3 + O → 2O2
Cl• act as a catalyst
IR Peaks
O—H group in Alcohols → 3200-3600cm^-1
O—H group in Carboxylic Acid → 2500-3300cm^-1 (broad)
C=O group in Carboxylic Acid / Aldehyde / Ketone → 1630-1820cm^-1
C—H group all organic compounds → 2850-3100cm^-1
Fingerprint region <1500cm^-1
