Module 4 Flashcards
What do demographers (population statisticians) study changes in? What do these help us to do?
The big 3: 1) Fertility. 2) Migration. 3) mortality. Helps us to make projections about societies future size and composition, good for policy and scientists for future healthcare decisions.
How large of an impact does immigration have on ageing populations?
Played the smallest part nationally.
What did childhood mortality rates fall to between 1926-2008?
10% to 0.5%- control of childhood disease, better prenatal care and nutrition.
What is the current life expectancy in males and females?
79.9 and 84.
Which countries have the highest life expectancy?
Canada, USA, Japan, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.
What is one of the biggest factors in population aging?
Declining birth rate.
What is the median age?
Age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people (IN Canada, the age is 41.2) Not affected by extremes our outliers.
What is the global life expectancy today?
72 years.
What is active life expectancy?
The number of years we can expect to live a healthy, disability free life.
What will happen in 2025 with regards to birth and death rates?
Death rates will exceed the number of births for the first time, negative natural growth rates. Immigration will still be higher than emigration so therefore the population will still grow.
What is the birth rate and death rate in Canada?
11/1000 and 8/1000 respectively.
What is the sex ratio?
Number of males and females- Canadians: 98.5 male births per 100 females. 65 plus: 83 males per 100 females. 85 plus: 53 males per 100 females.
What is the total dependency ratio?
Number of people under the age of 19 and over the age of 65, divided by the number of people eligible for the labour force (age 19-64). Assumes likeliness of dependence.
When did the TDP peak?
1971.
What percentage of the global population lives in an urban area?
50%
What percentage of the Canadian population lives in urban areas?
80%, 78% of people ovewr 65.
What are the 4 stages of demographic transition that may change a population?
1) Population explosion- population explodes from 1 billion to 6 billion from the 19th century to the 21st.
2) Population implosion: Population becomes concentrated in small urban areas as a result of migration of young people.
3) Population displosion: Population becomes more heterogenous- factors like age, wealth, power, and education due to immigration
4) Technoplosion: Spread of new technology creating new public health standards like better sanitation, disease control, and health promotion.
What do the 4 stages of demographic transition result in?
Health and epidemiological transitions.
What are health and epidemiological transitions?
Processes by which a nations health improves as nutrition, health care, and sanitation improve. Chronic illnesses more prevalent than infectious disease.
What is the new stage in the epidemiological transition?
When social and geographic factors affect the health of specific groups, emerging infectious diseases combine with chronic diseases to impact health.
What must our current healthcare system decision makers balance?
Prevention with functionality and capacity. Responsibility to prevent but also treat. Balance has effect on the LE of certain groups.
What is apocalyptic demography?
Sees older people as a burden to society, fears of baby boomers aging and the dependence that the older may have on the younger. Use of demographic facts such as population ageing to project high cost of an ageing population, leading to economic and social crisis.
What is the slippery-slope fallacy?
People see a projected trend and catastrophize the potential outcome.
What is demographic determinism?
Use of dependency ratios results in this. Assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and institutions, ignoring factors like social policy. Demography does not equal destiny, and projections do not equal predictions.
