Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Soci 373 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What do demographers (population statisticians) study changes in? What do these help us to do?

A

The big 3: 1) Fertility. 2) Migration. 3) mortality. Helps us to make projections about societies future size and composition, good for policy and scientists for future healthcare decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How large of an impact does immigration have on ageing populations?

A

Played the smallest part nationally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did childhood mortality rates fall to between 1926-2008?

A

10% to 0.5%- control of childhood disease, better prenatal care and nutrition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the current life expectancy in males and females?

A

79.9 and 84.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which countries have the highest life expectancy?

A

Canada, USA, Japan, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is one of the biggest factors in population aging?

A

Declining birth rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the median age?

A

Age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people (IN Canada, the age is 41.2) Not affected by extremes our outliers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the global life expectancy today?

A

72 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is active life expectancy?

A

The number of years we can expect to live a healthy, disability free life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will happen in 2025 with regards to birth and death rates?

A

Death rates will exceed the number of births for the first time, negative natural growth rates. Immigration will still be higher than emigration so therefore the population will still grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the birth rate and death rate in Canada?

A

11/1000 and 8/1000 respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sex ratio?

A

Number of males and females- Canadians: 98.5 male births per 100 females. 65 plus: 83 males per 100 females. 85 plus: 53 males per 100 females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the total dependency ratio?

A

Number of people under the age of 19 and over the age of 65, divided by the number of people eligible for the labour force (age 19-64). Assumes likeliness of dependence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did the TDP peak?

A

1971.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage of the global population lives in an urban area?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of the Canadian population lives in urban areas?

A

80%, 78% of people ovewr 65.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 stages of demographic transition that may change a population?

A

1) Population explosion- population explodes from 1 billion to 6 billion from the 19th century to the 21st.
2) Population implosion: Population becomes concentrated in small urban areas as a result of migration of young people.
3) Population displosion: Population becomes more heterogenous- factors like age, wealth, power, and education due to immigration
4) Technoplosion: Spread of new technology creating new public health standards like better sanitation, disease control, and health promotion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the 4 stages of demographic transition result in?

A

Health and epidemiological transitions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are health and epidemiological transitions?

A

Processes by which a nations health improves as nutrition, health care, and sanitation improve. Chronic illnesses more prevalent than infectious disease.

20
Q

What is the new stage in the epidemiological transition?

A

When social and geographic factors affect the health of specific groups, emerging infectious diseases combine with chronic diseases to impact health.

21
Q

What must our current healthcare system decision makers balance?

A

Prevention with functionality and capacity. Responsibility to prevent but also treat. Balance has effect on the LE of certain groups.

22
Q

What is apocalyptic demography?

A

Sees older people as a burden to society, fears of baby boomers aging and the dependence that the older may have on the younger. Use of demographic facts such as population ageing to project high cost of an ageing population, leading to economic and social crisis.

23
Q

What is the slippery-slope fallacy?

A

People see a projected trend and catastrophize the potential outcome.

24
Q

What is demographic determinism?

A

Use of dependency ratios results in this. Assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and institutions, ignoring factors like social policy. Demography does not equal destiny, and projections do not equal predictions.

25
Q

In which countries is the rate of population ageing higher?

A

Developing countries- these areas are still young and the priority is to find jobs and education for them.

26
Q

How is China an example of a developing country that has unique considerations for older people?

A

They have objectively the largest number of old people in total. Have to account for this due to their sheer size. Percentage of older people projected to rise due to implementation of 1 child policy.

27
Q

What are generations?

A

Comprised of a set of birth cohorts containing particular life experiences that exhibit characteristics that distinguish it from another generation. Must share life experiences, distinctifying it from other cohorts (share age, period, cohort effects)

28
Q

What is a birth cohort?

A

Only share the same year of birth/same period of time for birth.

29
Q

When was the baby boom?

A

1946-1965

30
Q

When was GenX?

A

Mid 60s- 80s

31
Q

When were Millenials or Gen y?

A

Early/mid 80s to late 90s or early 2000s.

32
Q

What are some points of optimism for the ageing population?

A

1) Declining fertility leads to female labour
2) Fewer children = healthier, smarter, better educated children
3) Demographic projections indicate further gains in longevity including life expectancy. More savings, more human capital, more economic growth.
4) Natural to people who live longer to plan on longer work lives, compression of morbidity etc.

33
Q

Which area of Canada is experiencing negative natural decline?

A

The maritimes

34
Q

How do atlantic provinces grow?

A

Immigration or interprovincial migration

35
Q

How does BC, QB, ON, MAN, and SASK grow their populations?

A

International migratory increase as the key.

36
Q

How does AB grow its population?

A

Interprovincial migration, natural and international migratory increase contributes to the growth. In all provinces east of Saskatchewan, interprovincial migration negatively effects pop growth.

37
Q

How does Nunuvut grow it’s population?

A

Natural increase as the factor. Highest fertility rate in Canada (3 children per woman).

38
Q

What are the principle drivers of healthcare system cost?

A

New pharmas, new technology, essential hospital costs (age accounts for 1% per year of hospital spending)

39
Q

Why is the public spending more on healthcare?

A

Due to healthcare inflation rising faster than general (physician spending as a big contributor)

40
Q

What is the cascade effect?

A

Technology such as MRI’s create high resolution images that detect something unusual in a large proportion of patients-findings can end up being benign (incidentalomas)

41
Q

What is the prescribing cascade?

A

Older people take meds, doctor prescribes more, funny medication interaction presents itself as disease symptoms, prescribe more meds etc….

42
Q

What are the most common chronic illnesses reported?

A

Arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, COPD, dementia, asthma.

43
Q

What are the major causes of death in Canada?

A

Coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, respiratory system disease.

44
Q

What are the big 5 lifestyle risk factors?

A

Smoking (fallen in boomers), exercise (Fallen), heavy drinking (Fallen), obesity/nutrition (doubled), stress (increased)

45
Q

What kinds of health problems are boomers experiencing more of than the previous generation?

A

Complex health problems with multimorbidity, they are more medicalized than the previous generation.

Soci 373 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions