Module 3

Question 1

What is the multi-dimensional perspective?

Answer 1

Aging in terms of body (physical changes that influence how we feel and live), psychological (the way we interpret/experience our lives). Need both the body and the mind to experience the social dimensions of aging. Interplay of biopsychosocial processes. Aging is not a disease.

Question 2

What is a disease?

Answer 2

Disorder of structure/function of something that produces specific signs/symptoms. Aging as natural. Diseases are common in both young and old age.

Question 3

How do diseases develop?

Answer 3

Genetic and environmental. Aging as a cobination of these factors: social, genetic, and personal lifestyle choice.

Question 4

How do we measure aging well?

Answer 4

Reflected in how healthy/unhealthy we are. Degree to which we can live independently without assistance. mobility. Friends, family, driving, site etc.

Question 5

How is disability experienced in older people?

Answer 5

Not a disease, most common in old age: pain, mobility, flexibility. Significant number of older people over 65 have one disability but all experience it differently.

Question 6

What is disability?

Answer 6

Ones reported difficulty performing everyday tasks.

Question 7

What is an Activity of Daily life?

Answer 7

Dressing, getting out of bed, grooming, using the bathroom.

Question 8

What are Instrumental Activities of Everyday Life?

Answer 8

Shopping, meal prepping, banking, cleaning, maintiaining a home, and driving.

Question 9

Which aspect, ADL’s or IADL’s, have public funding?

Answer 9

ADL’s. IADL’s are a private matter.

Question 10

What is frailty?

Answer 10

Sickness, rather than age. Impairments across physiological systems that often entail imbalances in systems. Diagnosable state. professionals use it to describe someone experiencing a great decline in physical health, defined by having at least 3 of 6 symptoms.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of frailty?

Answer 11

1) weakness in muscles
2) Fatigue
3) Decreased activity
4) Low Weight
5) Poor posture
6) reduced mobility

Question 12

What is frailty caused by?

Answer 12

Genetics, disease, injury, lifestyle, bone density loss.

Question 13

What is the WHO definition of health?

Answer 13

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease. Very subjective definition.

Question 14

What is the compression of morbidity?

Answer 14

With improved LE, we can also expect that the years of declining health and morbidity will be compressed into the final years of life (rather than over decades).

Question 15

How many years do women outlive men by?

Answer 15

4 years

Question 16

How do external changes influence an older person?

Answer 16

Influences how they see themselves and how others perceive and interact with them

Question 17

How do older people cope with external changes?

Answer 17

using others in the peer group as barometers of ageing well. Helps them decide on avoiding. not avoiding where their age is visible (older people minority).

Question 18

How do internal changes influence an older person?

Answer 18

Impact bodily functioning, but can’t see these changes. Cause changes in how the individual moves or interacts with the world, more physical repercussions than social. Can co unnoticed.

Question 19

What are the major components of physical literacy according to Whitehead?

Answer 19

“Motivation, confidence, physical competence, understanding, and knowledge that individuals develop in order to maintain physical activity at an appropriate level throughout their lives”

Question 20

What is motivation?

Answer 20

Comes from parenting and socialization (athletic versus not beliefs), cohort effects (importance of physical activity).

Question 21

How do older peoples’ cognitive functioning change?

Answer 21

Slowing of intelligence, memory, and learning. Less rapid or severe than motor or senory declines. Older adults can learn new skills if given adequate time. Memory enhancement is done through recognition rather than recall.

Question 22

How does brain plasticity change as we age?

Answer 22

Remains as we age. New connections to expand/improve performance.

Question 23

What type of memory are older people better at?

Answer 23

Episodic memory rather than recent and short term. Self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 24

What is intelligence?

Answer 24

The capacity of a person in areas such as verbal comprehension, reasoning, abstract thought, perception speed, numerical literacy, problem solving, knowledge, and fluency. Older people have a range of intellectual abilities.

Question 25

What is fluid intelligence and when does it peak?

Answer 25

Learning not based in cultural experience, but rather based on flexibility in thought and problem solving (peaks in adolescence, age related declines).

Question 26

What is crystallized intelligence and when does it peak?

Answer 26

Accumulated information one has on world experiences- can offset loss of speed in intellectual tasks. Is robust against age and increases until the 70s or mid 70s.