Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chardonnay

Chablis 1er Cru

A

Sight - pale to medium straw with green highlights; very bright

Nose - tart green apple, lemon-citrus, and pronounced chalky seashell minerality; new oak used by some producers to impart slice and wood aromas.

Palate - medium-bodied with flavours of tart apple, lemon peel, and chalky mineral; intensity of flavour and quality varies with producer and the specific appellation.

Structure - medium alcohol, medium-plus to high acidity, and dry to bone dry.

ID Keys - tart fruit, pronounces chalky minerality, and tart acidity are all keys; be aware of lees contact and partial malolactic fermentation as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chardonnay

New Worls

A

Nose -
Cool climate wines: tart malic green apple/pear, tropical fruit, and pronounced citrus flavours. Lean and racy on the palate.
Warm climate wines: ripe (even baked) apple/pear and peach fruit; floral, lemon/lime citrus, buttery notes from malolactic fermentation/conversion.
Both: barrel-fermentation and lees contact impart flavours of cream and yeast. Oak aging imparts flavours of vanilla, baking spices and wood.

Palate - ripe orchard fruits with tart citrus, lees contact and ML notes, and oak.

Structure - dry to off-dry to slightly sweet in style; medium-plus to high alcohol with medium to medium-plus acidity.

ID Keys - the winemaking trio of lees contact, malolactic notes, and new oak make New World Chardonnay relatively easy to identify.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sauvignon Blanc

Sancerre/Pouilly-Fume

A

Sight - pale to medium straw with green highlights

Nose - grapefruit-lemon/lime citrus notes with pronounced herbal-grass notes and chalky minerality.

Palate - light to medium-bodied and dry to bone dry. Use of little or no wood is typical for Sancerre while use of partial or all new wood can be found in Pouilly-Fume.

Structure - medium to medium-plus alcohol and medium-plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - the combo of tart citrus, herbal notes and chalky minerality with the minerality often taking centre stage. Look for oak in Pouilly-Fume but not in Sancerre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sauvignon Blanc

New Zealand

A

Sight - very pale straw with green and silver highlights.

Nose - intense grapefruit and lime citrus, gooseberry, grass, and green herb. Tropical notes. Most wines are overtly herbal and vegetal, some extremely so.

Palate - light to medium-bodied with emphasis on mouthwatering, juicy citrus fruit. Dry, tart and racy with very crisp acidity. No oak.

Structure - medium-plus acidity and alcohol are typical.

ID Keys - intense, pungent citrus and vegetal flavours are the keys to recognizing NZ Sauvignon Blanc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chenin Blanc

Loire Valley

A

Sight - pale to medium straw, very bright

Nose - ripe yellow apple, quince, lemon lime citrus, floral, spring greens, herb, pronounced mineral/wet stone. Botrytis notes and SO2 also commonly found; used wood or no wood.

Palate - bone dry to medium sweet depending on the style.

Structure - generally, the wines display medium-plus alcohol and medium-plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - ripe orchard fruits, elevated acidity, and botrytis notes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chenin Blanc
California
Washington

A

Sight - pale to medium straw and very bright

Nose - a cornucopia of fruit: ripe melon, pear, and tropical fruit with tart and sweet citrus notes. Little, if any, minerality and no oak.

Palate - off-dry to slightly sweet. Quality wines have a good balance of ripe, almost sweet fruit and crisp acidity.

Structure - medium-bodied, medium-plus acidity, medium alcohol.

ID Keys - generally a fruity, off dry quaffing wine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gewurztraminer

Alsace

A

Sight - deep straw to pale yellow

Nose - exotic, highly perfumed nose of ripe stone fruits, lychee, sweet citrus, pronounced floral (rose petal and jasmine), and earth mineral. Wood rarely used.

Palate - medium-plus to full-bodied. The palate is rich, viscous and sometimes oily with the hallmark touch of phenolic bitterness on the finish. Many wines have more than a touch of residual sugar even to the point of being slightly sweet.

Structure - medium-plus to high alcohol and medium-minus to medium acidity.

ID Keys - unmistakably flamboyant with its exotically perfumes nose, succulent off-dry fruit, oily texture, bitter finish and lack of acidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Albariño
Spain
Rias Biaxas

A

Sight - pale to medium sweet

Nose - white peach, green pear, mandarin/orange and lime-citrus with notes of floral, light herb, hops/Pilsner and wet stone minerality. Wood is infrequently used.

Palate - light to medium bodied with notes of peach, citrus, lees, and wet stone.

Structure - medium to medium-plus alcohol with medium-plus acidity.

ID Keys - a combination of peach, sweet citrus and herbal-citrusy character with aromas if flowers, beer/hops (lees) and mineral. Albariño is often described as “Viognier nose with a Riesling palate”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Viognier

Northern Rhône (Château Grillet-Condrieu)

A

Sight - medium straw and very bright

Nose - pronounced floral, stone fruits, honey, and mineral. Some wines are aged in new oak.

Palate - medium-to-full-bodied and dry to bone dry. The finish is long with ripe and tart fruit, floral, and mineral with a touch of phenolic bitterness.

Structure - medium to medium plus alcohol with medium to medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - a combination of floral quality, ripe stone fruits, and minerality. Some wines offer new oak notes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viognier
New World
California
Australia

A

Sight - medium to deep straw to medium yellow. Bright to very bright.

Nose - ripe-over ripe apricot/peach/nectarine fruit with honey, and floral elements. New oak is often used and malolactic notes often present.

Palate - very ripe fruit balanced by crisp acidity and the hallmark touch of bitterness on the finish.

Structure - medium-plus to high alcohol with medium to medium-plus acidity.

ID Keys - ripe, often over-ripe stone fruits, floral notes and the use of new oak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gruner Veltliner

Austria

A

Sight - pale to medium straw

Nose - herbal-vegetal qualities (rotundone) are typical: celery, caraway, radish, white pepper, lentils. Cooler climate wines are lighter in body with tart green apple/pear, bright citrus fruits, and with earth and/or mineral. Warmer climate wines offer riper fruit with notes KD leach-nectarine, rhubarb, yellow apple, honey and more.

Palate - dry to off dry; styles range from light to racy to rich, weighty, and grand depending on specific region (classification) and producer.

Structure - medium to high alcohol with medium-plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - can be light and racy or full-bodies and grand. Ripe fruit and the celery-radish-white pepper combination make this wine unique.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rising

Germany

A

Sight - pale straw to pale yellow depending on specific pradikat or vintage. Green highlights and very bright to brilliant.

Nose - wife range of aromas and flavours: light bodied Kabinett wines offer flavours of bright citrus and tart green apple/pear with notes of tropical fruit. Richer, noble sweet wines display botrytis wines offer ripe stone fruits and honey. Slate/earth/mineral is important for all the wines. No wood.

Palate - dry to very sweet depending on the palate.

Structure - low to medium alcohol with medium-plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - from light, delicate Kabinetts with just a touch of sweetness all the way to noble sweet wines with very high acidity and a wealth of residual sugar. Older wines can display fuel or petroleum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Riesling

Alsace

A

Sight - medium straw. Very bright.

Nose - ripe apple/pear and peach fruit. Wines with botrytis have honey and stone fruits with floral and earthy notes.

Palate - dry or off dry and full bodied with good balancing acidity and considerable minerality.

Structure - medium plus to high alcohol with medium plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - more alcohol and richness than most German Riesling’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pinot Gris

Alsace

A

Sight - medium to deep straw to medium yellow. Bright to very bright.

Nose - ripe, smoky yellow apple and Mellon with sweet and tart citrus, floral and earth-mineral. Some wines show botrytis character.

Palate - medium-plus to full-bodied and dry to off dry. Very ripe fruit with an earthy character.

Structure - medium-plus to high alcohol with medium to medium-plus acidity.

ID Keys - full-bodied and off-dry with rich, smoky pear-melon fruit and earthiness. High alcohol and phenolic bitterness on the finish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pinot Grigio

Alto Adige

A

Sight - pale to medium straw with a touch of rose-copper. Very bright.

Nose - tart apple, citrus, straw, mineral.

Palate - medium bodied, dry to bone dry.

Structure - medium alcohol and medium-plus acidity.

ID Keys - light and citrusy with tart fruit, lees, and mineral notes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pinot Noir

Burgundy Cote de Nuits

A

Sight - medium ruby

Nose - red fruits, floral, tea herb, and earth. Oak aging adds smoke, sweet spice and wood flavours. Wines take on gamy-earthy complexity with age.

Palate - light to medium bodied, dry to bone dry

Structure - medium tannins, medium alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - elegant and structured with tart red fruits, earthy complexities and oak.

17
Q

Pinot noir
New world
California
New Zealand

A

Sight - medium ruby

Nose - red fruits, with floral, tea herb, and earth. Oak aging adds smoke, sweet spice and wood flavours. Wines take a gamy-earthy complexity with age.

Palate - light to medium bodied, dry to bone dry.

Structure - medium tannins, medium alcohol, and medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - tart and ripe red fruits, with herbs, spices and new wood. Stem tannins often found but most wines lack of earthiness. New Zealand wines have a pronounced herbal quality.

18
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon

Left bank Bordeaux

A

Site - deep ruby

Nose - black fruits with green olive, cedar, pencil lead, violet floral, and green herbs. Oak aging adds smoke, toast, and baking spice notes.

Palate - medium to full bodied to bone dry to dry.

Structure - medium plus to high tannins, medium plus alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - focused on black fruits, earthiness, pencil lead, and a bright fruit/acid balance.

19
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon
New world
California
Australia

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - ripe black fruits with cedar, chocolate, and green herb notes. Oak aging adds smoke, toast, sweet baking spices and sawdust notes.

Palate - full bodied and dry. Generally, much riper and richer than Bordeaux and without the prominent earth/mineral component.

Structure - medium plus to high tannins, medium plus to high alcohol, medium to medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - ripe, intense black fruits, green herbs, and new oak with considerable tannins.

20
Q

Merlot

Right bank Bordeaux

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - black fruits, pronounced green herb, violet floral, and earth mineral. Oak aging adds smoke, sweet spice and toast notes.

Palate - medium to full-bodied; rich, lush, and dry to bone dry. Generally, Merlot-based wines have softer tannins than Cabernet based blends and tend to be more herbal, if not vegetal.

Structure - medium plus tannins, medium plus acidity, medium plus alcohol.

ID Keys - ripe, supple fruit with earthy complexities, tart acidity, and new oak.

21
Q

Merlot
New world
California
Australia

A

Sight - very deep ruby

Nose - ripe black fruits, green herb, and oak. Also mint and eucalyptus in some wines.

Palate - ripe, lush and full bodied, often richer and riper than Bordeaux counterparts.

Structure - medium-plus to high tannins, medium plus to high alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - ripe, supple, and lush black fruits with herbal notes. Full bodied wines with higher alcohol and a lack of earthiness - often considerable new oak.

22
Q

Cab Franc
France
Loire Valley
Chinon or Bourgueil

A

Sight - medium ruby

Nose - tart red fruits. Wines from riper vintages often display black fruits as well. Otherwise, pronounced herbal-vegetal notes (pyrazines), chalky minerality-earth. Oak is generally used.

Palate - medium bodied, tart, and dry to bone dry. Pronounced herbal quality and chalky minerality.

Structure - medium to medium-plus tannins, medium alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - combination of tart fruits, pronounced pyrazines, and chalky minerality.

23
Q

Malbec
Mendoza
Argentina

A

Sight - deep, opaque purple

Nose - ripe black fruits plum and cherry with secondary tart red fruits; violet-floral, green herb, and wood. Some wines display earth character.

Palate - medium plus to full bodied and dry.

Structure - medium plus tannins, medium plus acidity, medium plus to high alcohol.

ID Keys - Combination opaque purple, ripe/tart fruit and lack of overt herbal qualities.

24
Q

Syrah

Northern Rhône

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - bright black and red fruits, white and black pepper, floral, savory herb, game dried meat, stony mineral, earth and wood.

Palate - medium to full bodied and bone dry.

Structure - medium to high tannins (Hermitage), medium to medium plus alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - a combination of black fruits and red fruits, pronounced pepper, sanguine notes, and stony earthiness.

25
Q

Syrah

Barossa Shiraz

A

Sight - opaque ruby with purple

Nose - a combination of ripe black fruits, tart red fruits, and dried raisinated fruits; also black pepper, herb, mint/eucalyptus, sweet spice, leather and oak. American oak with pronounced vanillin, baking spices and sawdust has been traditionally used.

Palate - full bodied and dry.

Structure - medium plus tannins, high alcohol, medium to medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - a combination of uneven ripening in terms of fruit with pepper, mint, leather and American oak.

26
Q

Grenache

Southern Rhône blend

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - ripe, intense baked red and black fruits, wild savory herb, pepper, stony earth, and wood notes.

Palate - full-bodied and dry. Wines are often concentrated, powerful, and tannic.

Structure - medium plus to high tannins, high alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - southern Rhône blends like chateauneuf du Pape is not recognizably one grape variety. Look for combination of baked red and black fruits, pepper, Harrisburg, stony earth and lots of tannins - but not from small barriques. Also high in alcohol.

27
Q

Grenache

Australian old vines

A

Sight - deep opaque ruby

Nose - ripe, concentrates red and black fruits with pepper-spice, mint eucalyptus, earth, and oak.

Palate - full bodied and dry.

Structure - medium plus tannins, high alcohol, medium to medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - ripe jammy fruit, pepper, mint-eucalyptus notes and high alcohol.

28
Q

Mourvèdre

Bandol

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - ripe black fruits, wild savory herbs, earthy barnyard, and wood.

Palate - full-bodied and bone dry to dry.

Structure - medium plus to high tannins, medium plus to high alcohol, medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - ripe fruit, earthy barnyard notes and high tannins.

29
Q

Nebbiolo
Barolo
Barbaresco

A

Sight - medium ruby garnet with considerable rum variation and Orange and brown at the rim even when youthful.

Nose - rose petal floral, tar, dried red cherry, anise herb vegetal, earth-forest floor and wood.

Palate - medium to medium plus bodied and bone dry.

Structure - high tannins, medium plus to high alcohol, high acidity.

ID Keys - colour gradation, high acidity and very high tannins make Nebbiolo fairly easy to identify.

30
Q

Sangiovese
Tuscany
Chianti Classico

A

Sight - medium plus to deep ruby

Nose - bright, tart red fruits, anise, green herb, sandalwood, chalky earth and wood.

Palate - medium plus to full bodied and bone dry.

Structure - medium plus tannins, medium plus alcohol, medium plus to high acidity.

ID Keys - tart red fruits, anise, and bitter her , and considerable tannins, both grape and oak.

31
Q

Tempranillo
Spain
Rioja Reaerva and gran reserva

A

Sight - medium to deep garnet ruby

Nose - dried red fruits, dried herb, is baked earth, and pronounced American oak.

Palate - medium to full bodied and bone dry to dry.

Structure - medium to medium plus tannins, medium plus alcohol, medium plus acidity

ID Keys - traditional Rioja combines dried red fruit, leather, earth and pronounced American oak. Gran Reserva wines will show more oxidative character in every facet of the wine, from the colour to the fruit quality to the finish.

32
Q

Zinfandel
California
Dry Creek Valley

A

Sight - deep ruby

Nose - ripe, concentration red and black fruits, black and white pepper, bramble briar herb, sweet spices, and oak. Some wines offer peach, yogurt, and raisinated fruit character.

Palate - full bodied and dry.

Structure - medium high to high tannins, medium plus to high alcohol, medium to medium plus acidity.

ID Keys - the tendency for Zinfandel to ripen unevenly and show tart and raisinated fruit in the same wine is a big key.