Module 4

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds

Question 2

Phonotactic constraints

Answer 2

Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 3

Sound substitution

Answer 3

Sounds that exist in a language a speaker knows are used to replace sounds that do not exist in that language when pronouncing the words of a foreign language

Question 4

Phoneme

Answer 4

A class of speech sounds that seem to be variants of the same sound

Question 5

Allophone

Answer 5

Each member of a particular phoneme class; which corresponds to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

The set of phonetic environments in which a phone is distributed

Question 7

Alternation

Answer 7

Difference between two or more phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related

Question 8

Complementary Distribution

Answer 8

Sounds in complementary distribution that are considered to be allophones of the same phoneme

Question 9

Overlapping distribution

Answer 9

Sounds that can occur in the same environment

Question 10

Phonological rules

Answer 10

The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements is accomplished using such; a speakers knowledge of grammar

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

The rules of assimilation cause a sound or gesture to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property

Question 12

Nasal place assimilation

Answer 12

An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant

Question 13

Natural class

Answer 13

Is a group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulatory or auditory property to the exclusion of all other sounds in that language

Question 14

Palatalization

Answer 14

Refers to a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal

Question 15

Vowel harmony

Answer 15

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word

Question 16

Phonological rules

Answer 16

A.	Vowel harmony
B.	Dissimilation
C.	Insertion
D.	Deletion
E.	Metathesis
F.	Strengthening 
G.	Weakening

Question 17

Schwa insertion

Answer 17

Insert between two sibilants

Question 18

Voicing assimilation

Answer 18

Tales on the voicing specification of the preceding sound

Question 19

Implication law

Answer 19

The presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will also be used in the language

Question 20

Maximally distinct

Answer 20

The kind of syllable which is most useful in transmitting messages in anguage is composed of consonants and vowels

Question 21

Environment

Answer 21

The sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word

Question 22

Near-minimal pairs

Answer 22

The range of tests for identifying phonemes can be broadened somewhat by the use

Question 23

Relative

Answer 23

“more common” and “less common”

Question 24

Phonological rules

Answer 24

these rules may be obligatory or optional

Question 25

Derivations

Answer 25

a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it