Module 4 Flashcards
Phonology
The study of the distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds
Phonotactic constraints
Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds
Sound substitution
Sounds that exist in a language a speaker knows are used to replace sounds that do not exist in that language when pronouncing the words of a foreign language
Phoneme
A class of speech sounds that seem to be variants of the same sound
Allophone
Each member of a particular phoneme class; which corresponds to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker
Distribution
The set of phonetic environments in which a phone is distributed
Alternation
Difference between two or more phonetic forms that you might otherwise expect to be related
Complementary Distribution
Sounds in complementary distribution that are considered to be allophones of the same phoneme
Overlapping distribution
Sounds that can occur in the same environment
Phonological rules
The mapping between phonemic and phonetic elements is accomplished using such; a speakers knowledge of grammar
Assimilation
The rules of assimilation cause a sound or gesture to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property
Nasal place assimilation
An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant
Natural class
Is a group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulatory or auditory property to the exclusion of all other sounds in that language
Palatalization
Refers to a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal
Vowel harmony
A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word
Phonological rules
A. Vowel harmony B. Dissimilation C. Insertion D. Deletion E. Metathesis F. Strengthening G. Weakening
Schwa insertion
Insert between two sibilants
Voicing assimilation
Tales on the voicing specification of the preceding sound
Implication law
The presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will also be used in the language
Maximally distinct
The kind of syllable which is most useful in transmitting messages in anguage is composed of consonants and vowels
Environment
The sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word
Near-minimal pairs
The range of tests for identifying phonemes can be broadened somewhat by the use
Relative
“more common” and “less common”
Phonological rules
these rules may be obligatory or optional
