Module 4 Flashcards
What type of cells are in bone tissue?
1: ostegenic cells
2: osteoblasts
3: osteocytes
4: osteoclasts
What are osteogenic cells?
Squamous stem cells that turn into osteoblasts
What are osteoblasts?
Bone forming cells that secrete the bone matrix. They are responsible for bone growth
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix. They are in charge of osteoblasts and osteocytes. They live int eh small spaces called lacunae
What are osteoclasts?
Large cells that break down bone tissue.
What is Diaphysis?
The shaft of a long bone consisting of compact bone
What is ephiphysis?
The ends of a long bone consisting of spongy bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone
What is the medullary cavity
Marrow canal in long bones. It’s holds red marrow in children and transitions to yellow marrow around age of 7
What is red bone marrow?
It is found in spongy bone cavities of the femur and some flat bones it produces, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
What is yellow bone marrow
Adipose tissue stored as energy reserve writhing the medullary cavities and spongy bone. Can be reverted to red bone marrow if blood formation is compromised
What are flat bones?
Thin flattened and usually curved bones. They provide protection and a large surface area for muscle attachment
Eg. Sternum, ribs, and cranial bones
What are long bones?
Long thin bones, they support weight and facilitate in movement
Eg femur, humerus,and tibia
What are short bones?
Cube shaped and equal in length, width, and thickness. They provide stability and support with limited movement.
Ex the carpals in wrist and tarsals in ankle
What are irregular bones?
Uniquely shaped and complex bones. Multiple functions from protection and muscle attatchment
Eg. Vertebrae and certain facial bones
What are sesamoid bones?
Small round bones embedded in tendons protecting them from stress and wear.
Eg the patella or knee cap. Most well known example
What is compact bone?
It forms the outer layer of bone. It is dense and solid.
Consist of closely packed osteons
What is an osteon?
Cylindrical unit of bone that are made up of concentric layers of bone tissue called lamellae, which surround a central canal called the Haversian cana
What are the 6 components of an osteon?
1: canaliculi: call passages in bone matrix that allow for communication
2: lacunae: pockets or little houses in bone matrix where cells live
3: concentric lamellar: forms the rings of the matrix.
4: interstitial lamellar: fills the spaces between osteons
5: central cancel: central to the osteon; canal that allows the passage of vessels runs parallel to the surface of the bone
6: perforating canals: supply circulation deep to the matrix and medullary cavity. Perpendicular to the surface
What is spongy bone?
Lighter and less dense than compact. It has a network of trabeculae (that looks like the sponge) that provide structural support and house bone marrow
What is trabeculae?
The middle matrix of spongey bone. It looks lace like
What is dipole?
Spongy bone found between layers of compact bone
(Found in cranial bones)
What is the periosteum?
Covers the outside of the bone.
(Provides a surface where ligaments and tendons can attatch)
What is the endosteum?
Lines the medullary cavity, spongy bone trabeculae and central canals
“Blank” bones are thin, flattened. Provide protection and a large surface area for muscle attatchment?
Flat bone
The cylindrical structure that make up compact bones are called?
Osteon
Where is spongy bone typically found?
At the ends of long bones and inside flat bones.
What is the name of hte structure that forms the outer surface of bones?
Periosteum
What is the name of small channels that connect osteocytes in bone tissue?
Canaliculi
How does compact bone differ from spongy bone in structure?
Compact bone is dense with tightly packed osteons, while spongy bone has a porous, lattice structure
What is a key characteristic of spongy bone?
It is a network of bone with m any open spaces
What is a feature of compact bone?
Dense bone tissue with osteons
Where is red bone marrow typically fond?
In spongy bone
