module 4

Question 1

what are the 5 characteristics of culture?

Answer 1

culture is…
-learned
-integrated
-shared
-tacit
-dynamic

Question 2

how is culture “learned”

Answer 2

how you dress, eat, talk, etc. is leaarned. You are not born with it and you learn it from your culture.

Question 3

how is culture integrated

Answer 3

Learned from generations over time.
ex) some cultures eat 3 meals, some eat when hungry

Question 4

how is culture shared?

Answer 4

standared behavior learned from the community
tone and volume of speech

Question 5

how is culture tacit

Answer 5

learning culture is unconscious, you dont think about it.
-like shaking hands: it is not questioned but always done in our culture even though there are other ways to greet someone

Question 6

how is culture dynamic?

Answer 6

culture can change and evolve over time.

Question 7

describe culture bound syndromes

Answer 7

different syndromes that arise from going against ones culture. There are specific syndromes from certain cultures and they mostly have distress as a trigger.

Question 8

what are the Office of Minority Health’s programmatic priorities (3)

Answer 8

• COVID-19 response and recovery
• Cultural and linguistic competency
• Policies, programs, and practices

Question 9

what does the
cdc social vulnerability index do?

Answer 9

enable emergency response planners and public health officials to identify, map, and plan support for communities that will most likely need support before, during, and after a public health emergency.

Question 10

what are the 6 themes of the social vulnerability index?

Answer 10

-socioeconomic status
-household composition and disability
-minority status and language
-housing type and transportation
-health care infrastructure and access
-medical vulnerability

Question 11

whatare the Six Principles of Solution-Based Nursing

Answer 11

1. The person, not the problem, is your focus when providing care.
2. Strengths, not just problems, can be found and further developed. Begin with an emphasis on strengths, as this can build client hope and self-confidence.
3. Resilience is equally as important as vulnerability.
4. Move beyond an individual focus to examine unjust societal and cultural forces, and actively work toward to alter these.
5. Nurses are not only concerned with illness care, but with helping clients adapt/grow.
6. A proactive, not reactive, approach is needed.

Question 12

what is the first step of the path towards cultural competency?

Answer 12

overcoming ethnocentrism (evaluating cultures based on your own). Need to try to understand their culture rather than judging

Question 13

what are the 5 steps of the pathway to cultural competency. (moving from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism, not always linear)

Answer 13

refusal, resistance, neutrality, adjustment, incorporation

Question 14

what stage to culturan competency is where you will ignore the relevance of culture. You’ll use the dominant population as the norm for assessment, planning treatments and determining services

Answer 14

resistance

Question 15

what stage to cultural competency is “cultural blindness” or treating everybody exactly the same and sort of disregarding culture

Answer 15

neutrality

Question 16

what step to cultural competence is a level of awareness of strengths and areas for growth to respond effectively to culturally and linguistically diverse populations

Answer 16

adjustment

Question 17

what step to cultural competence is when you and your organization demonstrate acceptance and respect for cultural differences.

Answer 17

incorporation

Question 18

cultrual safety vs. cultural competency

Answer 18

Cultural safety is focused on the influence of the healthcare providers culture on their work, and cultural competence is more focused on the patient’s culture. Cultural safety means that the healthcare provider understands the power differentials in society and that their culture can influence his or her clinical decision making. Cultural competency involves the providers effort of understanding the patient’s culture and accepting them rather than comparing heir culture to their own and making judgements. Both of these are equally important, but cultural safety is usually obtained leading up to cultural competecy and not the other way around.

Question 19

what strategies are interventions that take place in the community with the stakeholders.

Answer 19

community focused strategies

Question 20

example of community focused strategies

Answer 20

An example is a breast cancer screening delivered to native hawaiians through local churches with volunteers

Question 21

which strategies involve…
* Inclusion of some aspect of the target group’s cultural values
* Integration of aspects of the community’s religion/spirituality
* Inclusion of culturally relevant activities congruent with the unique lifestyle of the target culture

Answer 21

culturally focused strategies

Question 22

example of culturally focused strategies

Answer 22

Smudge ceremonies led by spiritual leaders prior to and following health clinic events. This is very common in northern Canada and making its way throughout indigenous health care centers in the United States. We often refer to this as saging.

Question 23

which focused strategy…
* Limit medical jargon
* Fully or partially delivered intervention in the population’s native language
* Use of translators

Answer 23

language focused strategies

Question 24

example of language focused strategy

Answer 24

At Axesspointe, we have translation services loaded onto every provider’s computer to use with non-English speaking patients. But I also have ESL (English as a Second Language) patients I will use the translation service with to be sure they are understanding me. Another example: patient education handouts translated into multiple languages. These are now available at most hospitals.

Question 25

describe Relative Risk in relationship to resources and health

Answer 25

The relationship between resource availability and relative risk is that a lack of resources increases the relative risk of poor health for the population.

Question 26

why are rural americancs vulnerable

Answer 26

• Long travel distances to hospitals and other care
• Higher rates of cigarette smoking
• Report less leisure-time physical activity
• Higher rates of poverty
• Less likely to have health insurance
• Less likely to wear seat belts
• Many do not finish high school to work for the family

Question 27

how to help the rural americans

Answer 27

-Increase access to healthcare including home health and telehealth services
-Encourage completion of high school for better overall literacy
-Travel and “pop up” clinics for health promotion and preventive services
-Focus on hope and direction on how to get healthy

Question 28

why are immigrant/migrant workers vulnerable

Answer 28

• Health workers may have difficulties accessing the population due to informal work arrangements, transient employment and concerns about confidentiality
• There are many language and cultural barriers
• Sometimes limited availability of clean water and septic systems
• Lack of transportation

Question 29

how to help immigrant/migrant workers

Answer 29

• Advocate for inclusive legislation and safer work environments
• Diversify the health office environment
• Ensure the immigrant understands privacy rights and reduce fear of deportation
• Know your area resources and where workers can receive primary and preventive care

Question 30

contributing factors to homelessness

Answer 30

o Poverty
o Lack of affordable health care
o Employment – low income wage earners
o Domestic Violence
o Mental Illness
o Addictions, Substance Use Disorders
o Natural Disasters

Question 31

how to help homeless

Answer 31

• Understand that housing is healthcare for this population
• Provide better access to mental health services including addiction care
• Reach out to them wherever you can find them
• For prevention - focus on early childhood development

Question 32

how to help inmates

Answer 32

• Again - advocate! Rehabilitation versus incarceration
• Also advocate for better healthcare services and less outsourcing to companies with poor track records
• Work in healthcare in a prison
• Treat with respect no matter the crime