Module 4

Question 1

simple machine

Answer 1

a device that reduces the amount of force needed to perform a task or changes the direction of a force

Question 2

force

Answer 2

a push or pull that changes the motion of an object

Question 3

mechanical advantage

Answer 3

the amount by which force or motion is magnified in a simple machine

Question 4

diameter

Answer 4

the length of a straight line that travels from one side of a circle to another, while passing through the center of a circle

Question 5

circumference

Answer 5

the distance around a circle, equal to 3.1415 times the circle’s diameter

Question 6

what is the goal of applied science

Answer 6

to make something better

Question 7

science

Answer 7

motivated by curiosity, experiments are done to explain something, it doesn’t matter if the knowledge gained is useful or not

Question 8

applied science

Answer 8

experiments are done to try to find something useful, to make something easier or better

Question 9

technology

Answer 9

the invention of a new process or machine that makes life better or makes a job easier–can be the result of applied science or science or an accident

Question 10

what are the parts of a lever

Answer 10

the bar, the fulcrum, the effort, the resistance

Question 11

what is the formula for mechanical advantage in a lever

Answer 11

Mechanical advantage = (distance from fulcrum to effort) /(distance from fulcrum to resistance)

Question 12

describe a first class lever

Answer 12

the fulcrum is positioned between the effort and resistance (eg. pliers) force is magnified

Question 13

describe a second class lever

Answer 13

the fulcrum is at one end of the bar and the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort (eg. wheelbarrow) force is magnified

Question 14

describe a third class lever

Answer 14

the fulcrum is at one end of the bar and the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance (eg. your forearm) speed is magnified

Question 15

describe a wheel and axle

Answer 15

a large circular wheel is attached to a smaller cylinder which is like a solid tube, when the wheel turns, so does the axle and when the axle turns, so does the wheel

Question 16

what is the formula for mechanical advantage in a wheel and axle

Answer 16

mechanical advantage = (diameter of wheel) / (diameter of axle)

Question 17

describe a pulley

Answer 17

a grooved wheel that rotates freely on a frame (called a block) it is operated by laying a rope in the pulley’s groove, other pulley’s can be added to increase mechanical advantage (which is figured by how many pulleys are used)

Question 18

what is the formula for mechanical advantage in an inclined plane?

Answer 18

Mechanical advantage = (length of slope) / (height)

Question 19

what is the formula for mechanical advantage in a wedge

Answer 19

Mechanical advantage = (length of slope) / (height)

Question 20

what is the formula for mechanical advantage of a screw

Answer 20

Mechanical advantage = (circumference) / (pitch)