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microbio > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

It referes to the safety of both humans and environment from unintentional release of pathogenic microoganisms and biohazards. It aims to protect the public health and the environment from an accidental exposure to biological agents.

A

Biosafety

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2
Q

It is the protection of human and environment from intentional release of biohazards by an individual. It is concerened with the procedure on how to prevent the misuse of pathogenic microoganism, their toxins, and other biological materials, such as releasing them intentionally to the environment.

A

Biosecurity

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3
Q

AKA “Germ Warfare”, it is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals, or plants as an act of war.

A

Biological Warfare

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4
Q

This formed during standard lab procedures like pipetting, mixing, and centrifuging and poses the greatest potential risk for infection

A

Aerosols / Bioaerosols

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5
Q

This is the lowest security level for handling bilogical material. This kind of material poses no or only a low risk to healthy adult humans and presents minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment

A

Biosafety Level 1

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6
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

E. coli

A

BSL 1

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7
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Canine Adenovirus type

A

BSL 1

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8
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Saccharomyces cerevisae

A

BSL 1

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9
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Nematodes

A

BSL 1

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10
Q

Thi biological material used in this biosafety level consists of bacteria, viruses, and organisms associated with human diseases. The potential pathogenic or infectious organims in this biosafetly level pose a moderate hazard to healthy human adult.

A

Biosafetyl Level 2

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11
Q

The main difference in the work procedures followed in a BSL 1 and BSL 2 is that employees will use a ____ as a primary barrier for potentially hazardous aerosols.

A

Biosafety Cabinet (BSC)

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12
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Chlamydia pnuemoniae

A

BSL 2

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13
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Enterobacter spp.

A

BSL 2

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14
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Herpes Simplex Virus and HIV

A

BSL 2

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15
Q

This biosafety level ivolves handling inidgenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases thorugh inhilation and/or poses serious threat to the environment.

A

Biosafety Level 3

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16
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Yersinia pestis

A

BSL 3

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17
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Hepatits A

A

BSL 3

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18
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

West Nile Virus

A

BSL 3

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19
Q

This biosafety level entails handling very dangerous and exotic biological material that may cause infection inside the laboratory as the result of aerosols. Biological material also handled at this level relates to existing infectious material where the disease transmission is unknown.

A

Biosafetly Level 4

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20
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Ebola Virus

A

BSL 4

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21
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Lassa Virus

A

BSL 4

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22
Q

Identify the Biosfaetly level from this biological Material:

Marburg-Virus

A

BSL 4

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23
Q

It refers to the control of Microbial growth

A

Microbial Control

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24
Q

agent responsible for killing of microorganisms

A

Bactericidal

“cidal agent”

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25
Q

agent responsible of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

A

Bacteriostatic

“static agents”

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26
Q

refers to killing all microbes & viruses. In or on objects. It could be done by physical, checmical or physiochemical

A

Sterilization

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27
Q

refers to elimination of most harmful organisms and viruses. On inanimate objects. Done checmically.

A

Disinfection

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28
Q

refers to inhibition of pathogenic microognisms. On living tissues.

A

Antisepsis

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29
Q

refers to parasite control. Promotion of health or prophylactic application. Use of radiation or microwaves.

A

Degermination

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30
Q

r

refers to Public health conditions. Clean drinking water. Adequate human waste and sewage treatment and disposal

A

Sanitation

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31
Q

refers to Free from disease-causing microorganisms. Eliminate infection. Procedure performed under sterile condtion.

A

Asepsis

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32
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

For inanimate object and materials that can withstand high temperature

A

Heat

Physical

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33
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Inhibiting microbial growth under heat that refers to burning. Used for contaminated materials.

A

Incineration

Physical

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34
Q

Moist heat inhibits microbial growth through boiling or steaming. Microbes should be autoclave at _______

A

15 psi, 121.5 degrees C

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35
Q

Dry heat inhibits microbial growth for metals, glassware, powders, oils, waxes. It should be baked in an oven at ___________

A

160-165 degrees C for 2 hours or 170-180 degrees C for 1 hour.

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36
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

It does not completely inhibit microbial growth

A

Refregiration

Physical

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37
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Inhibition of microbial growth thourhg cold with Crystal formation. It causes cell membrane and cell wall rupture

A

Slow Freezing

Physical

38
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

It refers to inhibition of microbial growth though cold with the use of liquid nitrogen. It suspends bacterial activities.

A

Rapid Freezing

Physical

39
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Drying by removal of moisture

A

Desiccation

Physical

40
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Type of radiation that reduce the number of microorganisms in the air

A

UV Lamp (Germicidal Lamp)

Physical

41
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Type of radiation that is lethat or cause mutation in microorganisms

A

X-rays, Gamma and Beta rays

Physical

42
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Cleaning delicate equipment. In hospitals, meidcal clinics. dental clinics

A

Ultrasonic Wave

Physical

43
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

separation of cells and microbes from liquid or gas. Filters with tiny pore sizes, call microspores

A

Filtration

Physical

44
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Alteration of the environmental atmosphere. Inhibits microbial growth.

A

Gaseous Atmosphere

Physical or Chemical

45
Q

Identify 2 types of Chemical ways in inhibiting microbial growth

A
  1. Disinfectant
  2. Gaseous Atmosphere
46
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

Type of disinfectant that targets and destroy cell membranes

A
  1. Soaps
  2. alcohols
  3. phenolic compounds

Chemical

47
Q

Also identify if it is Physical or Chemical Method

4 Type of Disinfectant that destroys enzymes and structural proteins

A
  1. Halogens
  2. Hydrogen Peroxide
  3. Salts of heavy metals
  4. formaldehyde

Chemical

48
Q

List down or identify

5 Factors that determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial procedure

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Time
  3. Presence of proteins in feces, blood, vomitus, pus
  4. Concentration
  5. Type of microbes/Number of microbes/Presence of spore
49
Q

Thermophile maximum growth temperature

A

113 degree C

50
Q

Thermophile Optimum Growth Temperature

A

50-60 degrees C

51
Q

Thermophile minimum growth temperature

A

25 degrees C

52
Q

Mesophiles optimum growth temperature

A

20-40 degrees C

53
Q

Psychrophile minimum growth temperature

A

-5 degrees C

54
Q

Psychrophile optimum growth temperature

A

10-20 degrees C

55
Q

Psychrophiles Maximum growth temperature

A

30 degrees C

56
Q

Refers to the time which bacteria take to undergo binary fission

A

Generation Time

57
Q

Generation Time for Pseudomona Clostridium sp.

A

10 mins

58
Q

Generation Time for E. coli, Staphylococcus sp., V. cholera, Streptococcus sp.

A

20 mins

59
Q

Generation Time for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

18-24 hours

60
Q

refers to the use of chemical in the treatment of diseases or condition

A

Chemotherapy

61
Q

refers to any chemical used to treat a disease of condition

A

Chemotherapeutic Agents

62
Q

refers to chemically synthesized drugs used to treat infections caused by various microbes

A

Antimicrobial Agents

63
Q

refers to drugs produced naturally by certain organimsm to fight infections

A

Antibiotics

64
Q

antibiotics derived from staphylococcus / streptococcus

A

Penicillin

Penicillium

65
Q

antibiotics derived from Gram positive

A

Bacitracin

Bacillus subtilis

66
Q

Type of antibiotics as to spectrum

Targets either gram positive or gram negative bacteria

A

Narrow-spectrum

67
Q

Type of antibiotics as to spectrum

Kills gram positive and gram negative bacteria

A

Broad-Spectrum

68
Q

Types of Antibiotics as to Action

  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Erythromycin
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Sulfonamides
  5. Trimethoprim
  6. Tetracyclines

are examples of what Antibiotics?

A

Bacteriostatic

inhibits the growth of Bacteria

69
Q

Type of antibiotics as to Action

  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Beta-Lactams
  3. Vancomycin
  4. Quinolones
  5. Rifampin
  6. Metronidazole

are exapmles of what Antibiotics?

A

Bactericidal

Kills bacteria

70
Q

Antiviral agents that are difficult to develop and use

A

viruses that are produced within host cells

71
Q

1st Antiviral agent

A

Azidothymidine (AZT) or Zidovudine

72
Q

an undesirable effects of antimicrobial agents that refers to multiply-resistant microbes. and drug-resistant bacteria

A

Superbugs

73
Q

an undesirable effects of antimicrobial agents that referst to population explosion of microorganisms due to prolonged used of antibiotics

A

Superinfections

74
Q

Also identify part of bacterial cell affected

Mechanisims of action of antimicrobial agents that refers to beta-lactam interfering with the linking enzyme. NAM subunits remain unaatached. Cell bursts from osmotic pressure.

A

Inhibition of Cell wall sysnthesis

Cell Wall

75
Q

Also identify part of bacterial cell affected

Disruption of the 50s ribosome site. Peptide elongation blocking. tRNA and 30s ribosome binding prevention

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Ribosome

76
Q

Block the initiation of translation and causes the misreading of mRNA

A

Aminoglycosides

77
Q

Block the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome

A

Tetracyclines

78
Q

Each interferes with a distinct step of protein synthesis

A

Streptogramins

79
Q

Prevents the continuation of protein sysnthesis

A

Macrolides

80
Q

Prevents peptide bonds from being formed

A

Chloramphenicol

81
Q

Prevents the continuation of protein synthesis

A

Lincosamides

82
Q

Interfere with the initiation of protein sysnthesis

A

Oxazolidinones

83
Q

Also identify part of bacterial cell affected

Alteration of the cehmical properties of this bacterial part and cause leakage.

A

Alteration of cell membrane

cell membrane

84
Q

responsible for the alteration in the chemical properties of the cell membrane in a bacterial cell

A

Polymyxin B

85
Q

Also identify part of bacterial cell affected

refers to the inhibition of DNA uncoiling in replication. Inhibition of mRNA transcription

A

Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

DNA

86
Q

Also identify part of bacterial cell affected

“Antimetabolite Activity”. Inhibition of PABA for folic acid synthesis

A

Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways

folic acid

87
Q

List down

6 Examples of Antibiotics for impairment of sysnthesis of the cell wall

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Monobactams
  5. Glycopeptides
  6. Cycloserine
88
Q

List down

Examples of Antibiotics for impairment of permeability of the cell membrane

A
  1. Polymyxines
  2. Antifungal polyene macrolides
89
Q

List down

Examples of Antibiotics for impairment of synthesis of RNA and DNA

A
  1. Rifamycins
  2. Antitumoral antibiotics
  3. Fluoroquinolones
90
Q

List down

Examples of Antibiotics for impairment of protein sysntheis is ribosomes

A
  1. Tetracyclienes
  2. Chloromphenicol Macrolides
  3. Lincosamides
  4. Aminoglycosides
  5. Streptogramines
91
Q

refers to intentional release of biological agents of toxins for the purpose of harming or killing human being, animals or plants with the intent to intimidate or coerce a government or civillian population to further achieec a policitical or social objectives

A

Bioterrorism

92
Q

List down

6 Characteristics of Antibiotics

A
  1. kills or inhibits growth of pathogens
  2. causes no damage to the host
  3. causes no allergic reaction to hose
  4. stable in any form when stored
  5. remains in specific tissue
  6. kills microorganisms before they mature and become resistant to it

microbio (4 decks)

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