Module 4 Flashcards
The first Chinese ruler who devised a seal carved from white jade, with the owner’s name on one side and the destitute’s thumb mark on the other.
Emperor Te’in Shi
Grandfather of Dactyloscopy
Marcello Malpighi
He is an anatomy professor at the University of Bologna.
In his treatise, he mentioned the ridges, spirals, and loops found in fingerprints. However, he made no mention of their utility as a tool for identifying individuals.
A layer of skin was named after him, which is approximately 1.8 mm thick.
He is credited with being the first person to use the newly invented microscope for medical research.
He described the ridges found on the palmar surface of the hand in his work “De Externo Tactus Organo.”
He is best known for discovering the inner and outer structure of the skin.
Marcello Malpighi
published an atlas of fingerprint anatomical illustrations
He clearly identified one of the fundamental principles of fingerprint science: the arrangement of skin and ridges in two people is never identical. Nonetheless, some people share more similarities than others.
Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer
Father of Dactyloscopy
John Evangelist Purkinje
He wrote a thesis in which he described nine different types of fingerprint patterns, but he never mentioned the importance of fingerprints for personal identification.
In his book, he described the ridges, giving them names and establishing classification rules, and discovered in his physiology studies that the skin on the inner surface of the hands bore patterns.
John Evangelist Purkinje
He took prints of his own palms and then printed the same palms after 41 years to prove that ridges do not change, except for some scratches from age.
Herman Welcker
Father of Chiroscopy
Sir William James Herschel
He became interested in skin-furrow research after noticing fingermarks on ‘prehistoric’ pottery.
He was also able to develop a fingerprint classification method.
in his article, “On The Skin - Furrows of the Hand”, he points out his observations that chance print left at the scene of the crime would provide positive identification of offenders when apprehended.
He discussed fingerprints as a form of personal identification, as well as the use of printer ink to obtain such fingerprints.
He is also credited with identifying the first greasy fingerprint left on an alcohol bottle.
Dr. Henry Faulds
Gilbert Thompson was a member of the United States Geological Survey in New Mexico.
To prevent forgery, he used his own thumbprint on a document. This is the first time fingerprints have been used in the United States.
Gilbert Thompson
He was the first researcher to investigate the formation of friction ridges on the fetus, as well as the random physical stresses and tensions that may have contributed to their growth.
Arthur Kollmann
Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, began observing fingerprints as a means of identification in the 1880s.
He devised a practical filing system based on ridge patterns.
He wrote a book called “Fingerprints” in which he established the uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints. It also included the first fingerprint classification system.
His primary interest in fingerprints was as a tool for determining ancestry and race.
According to his calculations, the chances of two individual fingerprints matching were one in 64 billion.
Galton discovered the characteristics that allow fingerprints to be identified. The same characteristics are still used today and are commonly referred to as Galton’s details.
He discovered three families of fingerprint patterns: Arch, Loop, and Whorls.
He is also credited with being the first scientist of friction skin identification, as well as the founding of the first Civil Bureau of Personal Identification in London, England.
Francis Galton
he began the first fingerprint files based on Gallaton pattern types
He developed his old system of classifying breeds that was officially adopted in Argentina, and was used in most Spanish speaking country
In 1982, under the supervision of Vucetich, inspector Eduardo Alvarez took digital impressions of a crime scene. This resulted in the creation of the first criminal fingerprint identification system.
He was able to identify a woman named Rojas, who had murdered her two sons and then cut her own throat in an attempt to shift blame. Her bloody fingerprint was discovered on a door post, confirming her identity. She admitted to the murders.
Juan Vucetich
In 1897, the Council of the Governor General of India approved a committee report recommending that fingerprints be used for criminal record classification.
The Kolkata anthropometric bureau became the world’s first fingerprint bureau later that year.
The Henry system of fingerprint classification, named after their supervisor, Edward Richard Henry, is credited to Haque and Bose, two Indian fingerprint experts.
All English-speaking countries continue to use the Henry classification system.
Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose
Henry was appointed as the Inspector General of the Bengal Police.
In 1892, the police department adopted Bertillon’s anthropometric measuring system for identifying criminals.
Henry became intrigued by Galton’s and others’ work on the use of fingerprints to identify criminals.
In 1896, he directed Bengali police to include a criminal’s anthropometric measurements as well as the prisoner’s rolled fingerprint impressions on criminal record forms.
Between July 1896 and February 1897, Henry devised his classification system with the help of Haque and Bose. This fingerprint classification made it possible to easily file and search fingerprints against thousands of others.
Scotland Yard established the first fingerprint bureau in the United Kingdom in 1901. Henry’s identification system eventually replaces the French Bertillonage identification system.
Sir Edward Richard Henry
