Module 4 Flashcards
What is reinforcement?
if a behavior is followed closely in time by a stimulus event and as a result, the future frequency of that type of behavior increases in similar conditions. Differs from preference.
What is positive reinforcement?
when a response is followed by the presentation of a stimulus, and as a result, similar responses occur more frequently in the future. the stimulus presented as a consequence and is responsible for increasing behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
The removal of a stimulus which leads to future occurrences of the response. stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior.
What is unconditioned reinforcement?
A primary reinforcer. A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement.
sex, water, food.
What is conditioned reinforcement?
A previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.
money, alcohol, sports.
What are generalized conditioned reinforcers?
A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not depend on a conditioned EO for any particular for reinforcement for its effectiveness. tokens, money.
What is automatic reinforcement?
A behavior produced by own reinforcement independent of the mediation of others.
What is the Premack principle?
The opportunity to engage in a behavior that occurs at a relatively high free operant/baseline rate contingent on the occurrence of low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
What are variables affecting reinforcement?
motivation, immediacy, easy initial criteria for reinforcement, high-quality reinforcers, varied reinforcers, direct over indirect reinforcement contingencies, combine response prompts and reinforcement, reinforce each behavior occurrence initially, use of contingent attention and descriptive praise, gradual increase to the response-to-reinforcement delay, shift from contrived to naturally occurring reinforcers.
What are some useful domains of reinforcement?
Edible, sensory, tangible, activity, social
